Unified State Examination in History: reviewing assignments with the teacher. Unified State Exam in History: reviewing assignments with the teacher Solving Unified State Exam Gushchin history
Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Exam
Secondary general education
Line UMK I. L. Andreeva, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)
General history
Russian history
Unified State Examination in History: reviewing assignments with the teacher
Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist at the Russian Textbook Corporation*,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half of the success (if not more) in the history and social studies exam depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed standard tasks. Precisely the sorted tasks, and not just the completed ones. At the same time, it is important to fit events, processes, and phenomena of national history into the context general history, establishing connections between various social phenomena and processes.”
Evgeniy Mikhailovich Polushin, first category history and social studies teacher, 5 years of teaching experience, graduate of the history department of Moscow State Pedagogical University. IN AND. Lenina, Ph.D.:“The Unified State Examination in History consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 require detailed answers. Let's look at completing these tasks. The apparent simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can’t count on luck.”
1. In the first task, it is supposed to arrange events related to domestic and world history in chronological order:
1) Convening of the first Zemsky Sobor
2) Proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor
3) Annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire
Here it would be good to know the dates: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800 g; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such striking events in history are well remembered, at least in chronological order.
2. In the second task you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, it is necessary to know the dates, at least to imagine the era of the reign of which political figure we are talking about. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the elimination method will not work here.
The date of the baptism of Rus' is firmly known to any schoolchild who takes the Unified State Exam in history - 988. The decree “on free cultivators” is also textbook - 1803, the abolition of localism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th Conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence - 1988
3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations that do not relate to the period 1945-1953:
1) CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.
In this case, we will need to know that the Council of People's Commissars (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. His existence dates back to more early period, and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) is popular at the present time, which also does not correspond to the specified period.
4. Write the term in question:
The highest government position in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince he was in charge of issues of administration and court, commanded the army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.
From the first words, “The highest government position in the Novgorod Republic...” it is clear that we are talking about the mayor. In addition to the mayor, a thousand was elected in Novgorod; an assistant mayor, he led the city militia. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.
5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:
Couple First World War- Brusilov's breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsians are studied in school, in addition to history, in music and literature lessons. The Battle of Klushino is an unsuccessful attempt by Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.
6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers:
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
A)“We grant by this personal decree, with our royal and paternal mercy, all who were formerly in the peasantry and under the citizenship of landowners, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with the ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruitment collections, per capita and other monetary taxes, ownership of lands, forests, hay lands and fishing grounds, and salt lakes without purchase and without quitrent, and we free all those previously committed from the villains of the nobles and city bribe-takers of judges to the peasants and the entire people - imposed taxes and burdens.”
B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their well-acquired or family peasants, individually or as a whole village, to freedom and at the same time approve for them a plot of land or an entire dacha, then making conditions with them that are recognized by mutual agreement as the best, he has to present them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of Internal Affairs for consideration and submission to us; and if a decision follows from us in accordance with his wishes: then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and will be recorded with the serfs with the payment of legal duties. ... Peasants and villages, released from the landowners under such conditions with the land, if they do not wish to enter other states, can remain on their own lands as farmers and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators.”
CHARACTERISTICS
1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was issued by the leader of the popular uprising.
REASONING
The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes obvious if you pay attention to the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of conscription and the return of the old cross and beards. It was the recruitment kits and the capitation tax that were innovations of Peter I.
The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree “On Free Plowmen” of 1803, which, as is known, allowed landowners to free peasants with land with the consent of the emperor.
Thus, the answer: A - 5.6; B - 2.4
7. Which three of the following events date back to the 18th century:
1) Battle of Borodino
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop naval battle
6) Battle of Rymnik
Some pretty famous battles are presented here, let's remember them. The Battle of Borodino is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Defense of Shipka is an episode of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf refers to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. , Sinop naval battle - Crimean War, 1853, The Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791.
Accordingly to XVIII century include: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.
8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a blank, select the number of the required element:
A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which particularly distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade occurred in January___
B) September 30, 1941 began___
Missing elements:
1) defense of the Brest Fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow
The Great Patriotic War in the course of Russian history of the 20th century. Much attention is paid, and significant battles that had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. especially distinguished itself. Chuikova.
The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken back in 1943.
On September 30, 1941, of course, the Battle of Moscow began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation of the Red Army in the Second World War.
9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and the participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:
EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) Russian development of Siberia and the Far East
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
B) Northern War
D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in USSR
PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev
Russia's development of Siberia and the Far East is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Principality of Moscow was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
10. Read an excerpt from the Resolution of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the last name missing three times in the text:
“Awarding___ the Nobel Prize, essentially, for the novel “Doctor Zhivago”, hastily covered up with pompous phrases about its lyrics and prose, actually emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles... Considering the political and moral fall of___, his betrayal towards the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid for by the Nobel Prize in the interests of inciting the Cold War, - the Presidium of the Board of the USSR Writers' Union, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the RSFSR SP and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow Branch of the RSFSR SP deprive ___ the title of Soviet writer, expel him from the membership of the USSR SP."
In this task, the title of the novel will tell you the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.
11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each blank, indicated by a letter, select the number of the required element:
Missing elements:
1) formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the Estates General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the Frankish state
7) X century
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Pravda
The difficulty of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.
XI century in the history of Russia is the creation of “Russian Truth”.
The Battle of the Ice or the Battle of Lake Peipus - 1242, which means the 13th century, the baptism of Rus' - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.
It turns out that in the XIV century. The Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convening of the Estates General in France (1302).
12. Read an excerpt from the USSR Constitution:
“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the entire people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which form the political basis of the USSR. All other government bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all government bodies from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and the binding nature of decisions of higher bodies for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with initiative and creative activity on the ground, with the responsibility of each government body and official for the assigned work. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its bodies operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations and officials are obliged to comply with the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, and are also put to a popular vote (referendum). Article b. The leading and directing force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people...”
Using the passage and your knowledge of history, choose three correct statements from the list below:
1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR by I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism presupposes that decisions of higher authorities are binding on lower ones
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR has never been implemented during the entire history of the Soviet Union
4) According to this passage, there is Soviet power in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the USSR Constitution presented in the passage was abolished before the collapse of the USSR
In this passage from the Constitution of the USSR there are several “beacons” that you need to pay attention to:
1) mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the “guiding and guiding force” of Soviet society. This immediately indicates that we have before us the “Brezhnev” Constitution of 1977.
2) mention of a referendum.
We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - discard immediately, because Brezhnev led. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 it is written quite clearly about this. 3) - not suitable, because a referendum on preserving the USSR was held in 1991 4) - definitely fits. 5) - not suitable, because Party congresses did not adopt the Constitution, but only Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 tbsp. was canceled in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which occurred in 1991.
Look at the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:
13. Name Russia’s enemy country in the war to which the diagram is dedicated:
Historical map tasks often cause difficulties. In this case, a map of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is presented. This is clear from the geographical names.
14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle indicated on the diagram by the number “1”:
The number “1” indicates the Battle of Mukden in Manchuria. The Russian troops were commanded by General Kuropatkin.
15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of which is shaded and indicated on the diagram with the number “2”:
The number “2” indicates the Tsushima naval battle.
16. Which judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six proposed. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:
1) The city indicated on the diagram by the number “3” was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number “2”, was commanded by Z.P. Rozhestvensky
3) A peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number “3”, was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle indicated on the diagram by the number “1”, Russian troops won.
Here again we choose the right judgments. The number 3 denotes the fortress city of Port Arthur; it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stoessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable, because The Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhdestvensky. 3) - suitable, because The peace treaty was actually signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - does not fit, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden the Russian army was most likely defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.
17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:
CULTURAL MONUMENTS
A) “The Tale of Bygone Years”
B) Tsar Cannon
B) painting “Boyarina Morozova”
D) sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Woman”
CHARACTERISTICS
1) the cultural monument was created in the 16th century.
2) the cultural monument was created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov
“The Tale of Bygone Years,” according to the generally accepted version, belongs to the pen of the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyaryna Morozova” was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” was created by V.I. Mukhina.
18.
Which judgments about this coin are correct? Choose two judgments from the five proposed:
1) This coin was released after the Cuban missile crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin was erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, to which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of the victory, began in the first ten days of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was created according to the design of sculptor V.I. Mukhina.
The anniversary coin depicts the sculpture “The Motherland Calls.” It was created in 1967 according to the design of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again we choose the right judgments. 1) - that's right, the Cuban Missile Crisis happened in 1962. 2) - that's right, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and was installed in Volgograd. You can stop here; the condition required you to choose two correct judgments. 3) - incorrect, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vucheticha.
19. Indicate photographs showing buildings whose construction was completed during the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):
First, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, at the time of the opening of the monument “The Motherland Calls!” In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building numbered 2) is suitable - the House of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is a book house on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.
TASKS 20-25
From the emperor's manifesto
“Immortal glory, wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, All-Russian Emperor, what burden and great labors he was forced to endure solely for the well-being and benefit of His fatherland, raising Russia to a perfect knowledge of both military, civil, and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but most of the world is not a false witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, first of all... to accustom the noble nobility and show how great the advantages of the proclaimed powers are in the well-being of the human race against countless peoples immersed in the depths of ignorance; Therefore, at that time, the very extreme insisted on the Russian nobility, showing its excellent signs of favor to them, ordered them to enter the military and civil services, and, moreover, to train noble youth not only in various liberal sciences, but also in many useful arts...
The aforementioned establishment, although at the beginning it was somewhat associated with coercion, but was very useful, was followed by everyone who owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially by Our Dear Aunt, of blessed memory, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, imitating the deeds of the Sovereign, Her Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences spread and multiplied... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit, that countless benefits have followed from this, rudeness has been destroyed in those who are careless about the common good, ignorance has changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skilled and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it has placed knowledgeable and fit for duty people, in a word, to conclude, noble thoughts have rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots boundless loyalty and love for Us, great zeal and excellent There is zeal for Our service, and therefore We do not find the need for compulsion to serve, which was necessary until now...
1) All nobles who are in Our various services can continue this for as long as they wish...”
20. Indicate the year in which this manifesto was published. Identify the emperor who issued this manifesto. Please provide a name for this manifest:
At the very beginning of the document it is stated that this is a manifesto. The text of the document speaks of the exemption of nobles from compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility from 1762, and its author is Peter III.
21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that forced Peter I to oblige the nobles to serve and study? What does the author of the manifesto see as the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?
This task can be completed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the benefit of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “disseminated and multiplied various sciences” (founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. This means there is no need to force him to do it.
22. Indicate any three measures that are not mentioned in this manifesto, taken by the author of the manifesto during his reign:
Peter III did not rule for long, about six months, and was killed by the guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but he managed to do something. Firstly, he abolished the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he brought Russia out of the Seven Years' War by concluding an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, brought the wrath of the guard upon him.
23. In 1990, a program for the transition of the USSR to a market economy was developed, which was called “500 days”. Indicate any two areas of economic reform that were planned to be implemented as part of the implementation of this program. Indicate the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:
The “500 days” program assumed a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: 1) privatize state property and 2) abolish centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program, fearing social unrest.
24. In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view existing in historical science:
“The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful”
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can confirm this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.
REASONING
Arguments in support:
1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Khaganate, to which the Slavs once even paid tribute.
2) He appointed his own sons as rulers of individual lands, not the leaders of tribal unions, as was the case before, which reduced the risk of separatism.
Arguments to refute:
1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kyiv squads without cover, which the Pechenegs took advantage of more than once.
2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, concluding a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Rus', and was killed by the Pechenegs while returning home from this campaign.
25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods of Russian history:
1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928. The essay must:
Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during the Patriotic War of 1812 to the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out in particular - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the Decembrist uprising of 1825.
The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to preserve the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and to prevent revolutions.
This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such Russian activity frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of having plans for expansion, for example, in the Balkans, which was later reflected during the Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. The lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's disappointing defeat in this war.
N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the “Constitution” - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they became acquainted with a way of life and methods of government that were very different from Russian realities. The officers dreamed of realizing the absence of serfdom and the relative economic well-being of peasants in Russia. In the way of this, in their opinion, stood the autocratic government, firmly standing guard over serfdom and administrative tyranny. Although until the end of the 1810s, its young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander had lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The Northern Society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, which proposed the preservation of the monarchy provided that it became constitutional. The Decembrist uprising, as they later became known, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of selfless service to the idea of the well-being of the country. Although there is another opinion, formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprising. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightening and embittering the authorities, and making liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways he was right."
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Hello, dear friends! Today we will continue to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history, and today we will move away from some theoretical materials and tasks and begin to talk about the materials required for self-preparation for the Unified State Exam, third-party knowledge, and I will also teach you how to solve history tasks with a map) I’ll say right away that The material in this article and the following will be based on the most frequently asked questions, so perhaps at some points you will be able to recognize yourself.
Do you need to know all the dates from pocket reference books and textbooks?
Often, people write to me with the question: “Ivan Sergeevich, I began to teach the 20th century and in textbooks I see a similar picture, what should I teach in order to write a test, because besides the last century there are still periods that require attention and give up all your strength I can’t work purely with Soviet history?!”
So, I answer for everyone) In fact, several years ago FIPI published a mandatory list of dates and events necessary for writing an examination paper. Now, for some reason, these materials are not included in the packages with the demo version, which is why such a fuss arises, but inquisitive and curious children =) provided that they look into the materials of past years for expert commissions, they will find this list. This year at the CPC this document was recommended to us as didactic material and accordingly I am sharing it with you, here it is:
There is almost everything you need to know about the chronology of events... regarding dates, the exception, it seems to me, is the revolutions of 1905-1907 / 1917, otherwise this table is complete and reflects all the events that need to be taken into account for successful performing Unified State Exam tests in history.
How to work with a historical map?
It’s also a “sore topic,” even though I have posted the material in the form of cards in the public domain, the children are perplexed: “How can I even work with this?” I'll explain :)
First of all, go to this article and download a package of maps to your computer. Then, if you are too lazy to delve into the Unified State Exam reference books of past years and a ton of related information, download this selection:
- Basic historical maps for completing tasks No. 29-32
Bank of tasks on the historical map: 1200 tasks:
How to work with this? I warn you, it is recommended to start this “procedure” only for those who already know something about history, and for the guys who follow our lessons, you should not read this paragraph further, and for those who are already sort of in the subject, download the document for yourself, it contains all the tasks with the map Unified State Exam options previous years. There are about 1200 tasks, don’t download from your phone, everything will hang 😀
Workshop on card analysis
Here you are presented with a contour map, which you need to print and fill out accordingly; if this is not difficult for you, proceed to map No. 2. If you successfully complete all the cards and fill out approximately 70% of the information on them, you can begin working with the bank itself, provided, I repeat, that you also have knowledge of the course in your head.
What to do if everything is bad?))) Information from geography lessons from the maps presented above is ENOUGH for successfully writing any history test! The conclusion is obvious - teach, dear friends! Sit down. you print out tens of these cards, find the location of each object on the Internet, sketch it, eventually memorize it, then take a second card and try to fill it out as a memory, there are mistakes, no problem, check, correct, take card No. 3 and so on.. At the same time, you will improve your geography and cure cretinism, and then proceed to the bank.
Clear strategy and solutions for business leadership symbol with a straight path to success as a journey choosing the right strategic path for business with blank yellow traffic signs cutting through a maze of tangled roads and highways.
Task one
What to do with it? Take the first 4 cards - 20 tasks, take a piece of paper and decide based on your knowledge (I warned you)
How to solve such tasks?? Instructions “for the little ones” using the example of a real CMM task :)
So, before us is some kind of “mess” according to, I’m sure, 80% of the readers of our site) Let’s see what’s here and how... first, I’ll give a clear algorithm of actions when working with tasks of this type:
1. Look at the map legend and use it to identify key points
2. Find (if any) the date on the map
3.1. In the case of an obvious location on the map of some kind of war/campaign/movement, select “reference points” to identify the event
3.2. In case of explicit definition of any borders, pay attention to: border territories / the name of our state on the map (this can help with determining the period) / other unnatural objects (any arrows and dots)
We follow the algorithm:
1. Look here, this plate is called the “map legend”, what can we extract from it?
- Here Rus' is shown during the period of fragmentation, because keyword - PRINCIPALITY
- Borders don't give us anything yet...
- But let’s pay attention to the siege of cities, the cities were besieged:
Kozelsk will clearly say something to smart boys and girls, but we have a few more points))
Point 2. Let's try to find dates on the map...bummer, there is no such thing 🙁 It's sad, let's move on ((
Point 3. Let's try to select control points based on arrows on the map. Which side are the troops coming from? And you will find out the answer only after the advertisement... just kidding 😀 From the East, of course!
Let's group: the siege of Kozelsk, Kolomna, Suzdal, a visit to Moscow that is clearly not for tea, troops are coming from the East - of course this is Batu's campaign against Rus'!
Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number “1”.
- Here only knowledge of those same contour maps will help you... Suzdal was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal Kingdom, which is not on the map. It is logical that Vladimir is hiding under “1”.
Write the number that indicates the capital of the land where a republican form of government existed during the period of this campaign.
- This is pure knowledge of the map and the course of past lessons from our website; smart children will immediately name Novgorod and based on their knowledge contour map will determine point “2”
Another tip is to pay attention immediately to task 32, since there you can find “answer options” for working with this task.
Profile task with map
Which judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six proposed.
1) the conquerors invaded Russia in winter - this may also give you an idea :)
2) none of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week
3) the campaign, indicated by arrows on the diagram, lasted about three years - as if it didn’t work either :/
4) one of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state - well, nothing will help us here:/
5) as a result of the events indicated in the diagram, the Russian lands became dependent - this may give you an idea :)
6) the commander whose campaign is indicated in the diagram is the founder of the state - the founder of the state is either Rurik or Oleg, this is nonsense, since the period of fragmentation, accordingly, there are no options for work other than the Horde Khan Batu
As you can see, only 3 events fit together at one time, the rest are somehow chaotically scattered throughout history, which should not happen, so also keep in mind the “lifebuoy” option No. 32
The Unified State Examination in history is not included in the list of main tests that all schoolchildren must pass. The discipline is taken by graduates who plan to further study it at a higher educational institution. It is assumed that this group of schoolchildren has a certain level of knowledge that allows them to choose history as a major subject. Statistics say that a fifth of graduates pass history every year and consistently. To successfully pass the test, it is necessary to apply the principle of systematization of knowledge.
The main nuance that needs to be taken into account is that every year certain changes are made, this concerns the type of tasks, their complexity, and quantity. The general plan remains stable:
- Part 1 tasks are the most simple questions, which are aimed at assessing general knowledge of the subject and basic level theory. The tasks are presented in the form of tests with four answer options. Only the correct answer is entered into a special form.
- A more complex level - part 2 asks you to find the correct answer yourself; the question is answered briefly: a number, one word, an abbreviation, a phrase. There are also questions that require a detailed answer - such tasks require the ability to argue and justify your position using facts.
To successfully cope with the test, you need attentiveness, proper time management, and the ability to use theoretical knowledge in practice.
Which universities require history?
The popularity of the subject is easy to explain, since it is specialized for admission to educational institutions of the following orientation:
- Tourism;
- Jurisprudence;
- Pedagogy;
- Story;
- Archeology;
- Regional studies.
How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History?
- The most effective and accessible basic method is reading textbooks. Important: you need to prepare in advance, regardless of your level of knowledge. Preparing 3 days before the exam may not bring the best results.
- Repeat all data from ancient history until modern times - this will help you cope with the first and second parts of the exam without difficulty. Check out .
- Learn dates, work with geographical maps and documents, terms. Dates and basic concepts should sometimes be learned by heart; the association method will help.
- Familiarize yourself with the activities of famous historical figures.
- Do not evaluate the personalities of historical figures.
- Poor map knowledge;
- Low level of preparation in topics related to culture - this causes problems with visual-type tasks, where it asks to study an image and answer questions related to it.
- Many graduates do not know how to apply theoretical knowledge in practice to perform more complex, creative tasks.
For the exam to be successful, online training is required.
To prepare for the Unified State Exam in history, it is extremely important to be able to navigate the space of a geographical and historical map. Let's see how these tasks look in the demo version of the Unified State Exam.
Unified State Exam assignments on history map.
About the methodology of working with historical map We have already spoken in this section more than once. In short, it needs to be analyzed by analyzing all the key events of history. For this, school contour maps, for example, are quite useful.
As an example, I propose to take tasks from the demo version of the Unified State Exam 2017. Just like in part 1, there is a block of questions (4 of them) for the historical map. It has also not been changed compared to previous demos. The scoring here is as follows: 13-1, 14-1, 15-1, 16 - maximum 2.
First, we are trying to identify the presented historical map! We see Russian cities (Moscow, Kolomna, Rostov, Suzdal), but we do not see a single state! Instead, cities are divided by borders. Therefore, we are faced with the period of Russian lands.
Now let’s remember the main military threat to Russian lands in this period. The main consequence of the fragmentation of Rus' was the invasion of the Tatars and the subsequent defeat in the absence of unity.
Yes, this is Batu(we also accept Batu Khan’s answer), on the map is his campaign in northeastern Rus' 1237-1238
Answer: BATY.
Question 14 on orientation on the map of Rus' during the period of fragmentation. So, what city was next to Suzdal?
14. Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number “1”.
Yes it Vladimir-on-Klyazma (or simply Vladimir), the new capital of the principality, built by Andrei Bogolyubsky. And Suzdal is the old capital, which is why the principality was called Vladimir-Suzdal.
Answer: VLADIMIR.
15. Indicate the name of the city indicated on the map by a number, where a republican form of government existed during the period of this campaign.
The question is not directly related to the map, rather it is knowledge of the period. Yes, of course, Mister Veliky Novgorod, this is where the boyar republic existed.
Answer: NOVGOROD (NOVGORODVELIKY).
And the last question for the map is multiple choice.
Task 16 Unified State Exam in History
Here, too, you need a fairly deep understanding of the topic and its nuances. For example, 1) Did the conquerors invade Rus' in winter? It turns out yes! They were afraid to walk through the dense forests of northeastern Rus'; they walked along the beds of frozen rivers. Usually, of course, nomads attack in the summer, when the horses are well-fed and have eaten on the spring pastures.
2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week. The small town of Kozelsk (Batu called it “evil”), it is not even marked on this map, withstood 7 weeks of siege, and Torzhok - 2 weeks. Of the five months of the winter campaign of 1237/38 against Rus', Batu spent two months on Kozelsk.
3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows in the diagram. To be attentive. We look at the map and see that Batu Khan’s troops simply DID NOT REACH them (as well as Novgorod the Great, which is much more important, in fact).
4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state. Cause and effect are confused. On the contrary, fragmentation is the root cause of foreign policy failure.
5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows in the diagram, invaded Rus' from the southeast. Just knowledge of the cardinal directions and the ability to navigate on a geographical map!
6) Rus' fell into a yoke - dependence on the state of the Golden Horde, created by Batu in 1243.
Answer: 156.
Thus, having correctly determined what kind of card you were given in the exam, you can immediately receive 6 primary points, which will be tenth part Your Unified State Exam scores!
Let us remind you that you can complete tasks with the map and discuss them
