How chess pieces move according to the rules. Chess textbook online: Rules of chess. Chess pieces

22.11.2016 02.04.2018 by Mnogoto4ka

If you want to learn how to play chess from scratch, take note of these 5 useful tips. My grandfather liked to say that highly developed intelligentsia prefer to play chess. This is not for you to “slaughter a goat” or knock on dominoes over a sip of foamy beer. On the chessboard you can implement countless combinations that are not yet known to your opponent. To master the game of chess with zero knowledge, you need to put into practice the tips listed below.

• First, you need to find out what each piece is called and moves. This is the basis of the chess game and the basics of combinatorial creativity.

• A chess game is a battlefield on which the partner's forces are concentrated. Your main task is to learn to analyze the situation and simulate in your brain all the possible moves of a skilled opponent.

• Try to play against a more prepared opponent as often as possible. At the very beginning, take a handicap in the form of a rook or queen. Gradually, the handicap will reach a lower level, and your practice and ability to lose with dignity will give you a long-awaited draw. Yes, exactly a draw. And only then the first victory.

• Learn to analyze already played chess games of famous grandmasters and world champions. This will allow you to introduce fundamentally new combinations into your technique.

• Continuously develop your memory and analytical skills. Acquire related knowledge that can help you effectively chess game.

This is just a short summary of five useful tips. And now everything is in order.

What kind of game is this - chess?

Chess was born in India 2000 years ago. The name of this game is very mysterious, but translated into Russian everything is quite simple. "Check" is the King, and "Checkmate" is the end. Together we get “The End of the King.”
The Indian Shah Padishah loved this game very much and played it all day and night. And when guests from other countries came to him, the Shah always gave them a chess set.
Over time, chess spread all over the world, and now this wonderful game is played in all countries of the world, including Russia.

To begin with, it is worth saying that chess is a game involving two people. The pieces they move are located on different sides of the board, which contains 64 squares of black and white. Different pieces move alternately across the 64 squares of the board. The game begins with the correct placement of the board. It is necessary that each player has a white square in the lower right corner, and a black square in the left corner.
The chessboard is marked horizontally with letters from a to h, and in the vertical direction - with numbers from 1 to 8. It is with their help that the current game is recorded.

The heroes of the game are chess pieces

King. This is the most important figure, but rather weak. If the king is checkmated, then the game is lost. He can move to any field adjacent to him only one square. The main goal of the game is to put the opponent's king in a hopeless position and checkmate him. If you succeed, then you have won.

Queen. The most powerful figure. She is also called the queen. She walks as she wants: diagonally, vertically, horizontally, back and forth. The queen can cover both the entire chess field and one square in one move.

Rook. This is the second most powerful piece in chess. She moves almost the same way as a queen, but not diagonally.

Horse. This is quite an interesting figure. He moves in this way: 2 cells back, 1 sideways, or 2 cells sideways, 1 back, and also 2 cells forward, 1 sideways, or 2 cells sideways, 1 forward. The knight changes the color of the field with each move.

Elephant. This figure can only move diagonally, backwards or forwards. He moves on squares only of his own color, that is, if the horse is white, then on white, and if black, then on black.

Pawn. The weakest figure. The pawn moves only forward, and only one square, only from the starting position, and once it can make a double move (that is, through a cell, for example, a2-a4). But if a pawn manages to travel the entire field, then when it reaches the last square in a row, it can become any chess piece, except for the king, of course.

Arrangement of pieces in chess

If you don’t know how to arrange chess on the board, then read this paragraph. Opponents play different sides board, one of them moves with white pieces, the second with black pieces. The pieces in each game are arranged identically as follows:

Lines number 2 and 7 are pawns;
The corners of the board are rooks;
Next to the rooks are knights;
Next to the horses are elephants;
In the middle is the queen (must stand on a square of the same color as it: white on white, black on black);
The king stands next to the queen.

The first move in the game goes to the player with the white pieces (the decision about who plays which pieces is made by lot). So, first the white pieces move, then the black ones, then the white ones again, then the black ones, etc.

The meaning of playing chess

When the game begins, there are 16 pieces on both sides. The main goal of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king. Checkmate in this case is a situation in which the opponent's king cannot escape check. This situation occurs only when all the cells around are occupied by their own pieces, or they are located under attack from the opponent. Checkmate is also possible if it is impossible to block check from another piece or you yourself cannot capture the piece that declared check.

How to play chess correctly?

You learned how everyone walks separately chessmen. But if one figure blocks the path of another, what should you do in this case? You should do this: if your figure is on the way, then the path is closed. However, if the piece is an opponent, the path can be cleared by capturing it. It happens like this: you remove the enemy piece from the board, and in its place you put your piece with which you captured it. It's all one move. But it is not necessary to hit the pieces.

Let's look at an example:

To the right and left of the white pawn there is a black piece; if it is white's move, then the pawn can capture both one and the second piece and take its place.

Almost all the pieces throughout the game move around the board, hit each other, and are removed from the board. Only the king cannot be removed from the board. You can declare “check” to him, that is, a warning that he may be beaten. If he gets a check, he must immediately react and leave this position. This can be done this way: by going to a safe square, protecting it with another piece, and knocking down the attacking piece. If you are unable to defend your king, then you have been checkmated. The game is lost. When writing “check” it means +, checkmate – x.

There are 2 more exceptions to the rules of chess

1. You already know that in one move you can only move 1 piece, but each player is allowed to make a double move once - castling (move the rook and king at the same time). It is done like this: move the rook towards the king, throw the king over it and place it on the other side. Castling cannot be done if: after castling the rook and king should not be under attack, the king has been declared in check, the rook and king have already moved.
2. This exception only applies to pawns. You can capture a pawn on the pass while it makes a double move. Once your opponent's pawn has made a double move, you can remove it from the board by placing your pawn on the square as if your opponent's pawn had made a single move. You can take a pawn on an aisle only immediately after a double move. If you didn't take it right away, you won't be able to take it anymore. For example, white pawn a2 made a double move to a4. The black pawn a!4 can remove the white pawn from a4 and move to a3, as if the white pawn had made a normal move.

During the game, follow the main rule of chess: if you touch a piece, you must move it. Therefore, if you have not thought through your next move in advance, you should not touch the pieces.

You have been introduced to the most basic rules of chess, and now you can play your first chess game.

How to learn chess annotation?

Annotation is the designation of the pieces on the board. Beginners and children who want to play this game seriously should definitely learn this. There is a kind of chess language to describe a chess game. It's pretty simple. All cells of the chess field are designated by a Latin letter and number. Horizontals are designated by letters, verticals by numbers.

Counting is done from the left field of the white pieces. For example: a1, c2, d3, h4, f8. When writing a figure, the designations are abbreviated: queen - F, king - K, knight - K, bishop - S, rook - L, pawn - not designated.

For example: a2-a4 number indicates the sequence number of the move, the pawn moved from square a2 to square a4.

You can write down the move in abbreviated form, indicating only the “arrival point”. For example: a4.

Black's move is recorded with three dots before the entry. For example: ...a5 - the black pawn moved from a7 to a5.

Capturing a piece is written “:”. For example: Q: a7 – the queen took the a7 pawn.

Chess: rules of the game. Checkmate.

It was said a little earlier that the main goal of a chess game is to checkmate the opponent’s king. To do this, the king must be in check, but he can get out of it using one of three ways:

• Ensure safety by moving to another square of the board (castling in this case is not allowed);
• Take the piece with which the opponent is going to make a check (if possible);
• Defend against an attacking piece with another piece, with your own piece.
  If it is impossible to avoid checkmate, the game comes to an end. In this case, the king remains on the board, but the game is considered over.

Also, if you want to learn how to play chess, learn the basic rules, you will need to know in what cases a draw is declared. There are 5 rules:

• If a player is supposed to move next but is unable to do so due to the position of the pieces;
• Consent on the part of both players;
• Lack of a sufficient number of pieces on the board to checkmate the opponent;
• 50 consecutive moves were made, but none of the opponents made pawn moves, or captured an opponent’s pawn or piece;
• A player can declare a draw if the same positions have been repeated three times.

TIPS ON THE RULES OF CHESS FOR BEGINNERS

The above is enough for you to sit down to play chess - with a friend, with a child, or just with computer program. But to play successfully, you need to at least take something else into account.

First, always think: why did the enemy go this way or that way? What is he up to? If you figure out his plan, you will most likely be able to find protection.

Secondly, try to develop your plan. For example, there is no point in simply putting “check” just to proudly pronounce this word if the opponent can easily defend against your single attack. But if you start attacking the enemy king with several pieces of your “army” at once, this will have a much greater effect.

Third, know the value of each piece. It’s stupid to “eat” someone else’s pawn only to immediately lose your queen. When exchanging pieces, take into account their conditional value: a knight and bishop are worth approximately three pawns, a rook - six, a queen - nine. The king, as you understand, is priceless.

Fourth, try to control the center of the board, at least the central four squares. The figures in the corners and on the edges are less agile, they are less involved in the game. This is why, by the way, don’t delay bringing significant pieces into the game - you won’t win the initiative with pawns alone!

Fifth, remember that “doubled” pawns (that is, standing on the same line after you have “eaten” the enemy piece with one of them) cannot protect each other. This is especially important at the end of the game.

Sixth, always think about the safety of the king! No matter how confident the position of your pieces on the board looks, all this will be useless if your king is under attack and cannot avoid it.

And most importantly - have fun!

If you are offered to play chess, never say: “I can’t.” Say: “I can, but I don’t want to.”

Vladimir Vysotsky, “A Story about the Game of Chess”

My desire to learn to play chess appeared precisely after such a situation. True, I was able to say “I can,” but I couldn’t continue “but I don’t want to.” I had to play. Several stunning defeats after short games made it clear: knowing the rules of the game is not enough to win. There was something else that only chess players knew about. Something that helped them see the board from a different angle, as if looking into the future and commenting with disappointment: “Well, what have you done!” I wanted to know this secret, and I decided to understand...

How an adult can learn to play chess

First we needed to find out whether it was possible to learn to play chess on our own: using the Internet, mobile applications or a tutorial. A thorough survey of those who already know how to play showed: you can try to learn to play yourself, but it is better to do it with a friend or teacher.

However, the first steps can and should be taken alone. Desirable:

• find or buy a board;
• get to know the figures;
• learn the rules of the game.

This will take you no more than an hour. Use YouTube videos, there are many videos on this topic. If there is a desire, excuses are unnecessary. Even a child (from four years old) can start playing.

After you understand this stage, you should look for a teacher. Why can't you learn to play on your own? The answer is very simple. You can try to do it yourself, and you will even start to succeed. It's just a matter of learning speed. What you figure out in a few days, the teacher will explain in an hour. Moreover, an experienced player or teacher will help you see on the board what you simply won’t notice due to lack of experience.

How to find a teacher

Enroll in a chess school or club

The only problem you may have is the age limit. But it can also be solved.

When I tried to enroll in the nearest chess schools, I was refused due to the fact that they only accept children. But instead they offered to come and try to negotiate with the teacher about private lessons.

Even if there is only one in your city chess school, go there and try to find yourself a coach.

There are also chess clubs. Most often, they are played by older people, united by a great desire and passion for the game. This is a great choice for those who love chess, but not always a good option for a beginner.

Find a chess friend

When I tried to do this, it turned out that the chess players belong to some kind of “Fight Club”. Simple post in in social networks showed: more than half of my friends have played or are playing chess. They just don't tell anyone about it. Try asking your friends too. I'm sure you'll be surprised.

As for my personal experience, among my acquaintances and friends I found one who turned out to be a candidate master of sports in chess. We quickly agreed on lessons, and I got a little closer to my goal.

Hire a teacher

Without contacting organizations, schools, clubs and clubs, you can simply find a teacher for private lessons. Try to meet him in person before you agree on the first lesson to make sure that you can study with this person and will not be afraid to ask him several times about unclear points. If you feel discomfort, embarrassment, awkwardness, try to find another teacher.

“Anyone who plays better than you can already teach. But the teacher should not be a bore. And it’s not worth spending money on super-professionals right away,” advises Vladimir Khlepitko.

Peter Miller/Flickr.com

What to read

While your coach will tell you what the opening, middlegame and endgame are, teach the theory and practice of chess, and simultaneously demonstrate the art of composition, you can already begin to help yourself move even faster. For example, with the help of books. Literature by itself will not teach you how to play, but it will become a powerful aid in this difficult task.

1. For beginners, self-instruction books and collections of problems are suitable. For example, “Collection of Chess Combinations” by S. D. Ivashchenko, “Textbook of the Chess Game” by H. R. Capablanca and “Journey to the Chess Kingdom” by Yu. Averbakh. Feel free to open books for children or those marked “For those just starting to play.” After all, it is in them that the complex chess system is explained very clearly and clearly.

2. Once you've got the introduction down and you've had a few productive lessons with your teacher, move on to the strategy and tactics books. Understand each stage of the game of chess, fortunately a lot has been written about them. Knowing which book to choose can be difficult, so be sure to ask your coach for advice. You can pay attention to these works:

• “My system”, A. I. Nimzovich;
• “Strategic techniques in chess”, A. I. Terekhin;
• “In the wake of debut disasters”, Ya. I. Neishtadt;
• “Transition to the endgame”, Y. Razuvaev, G. Nesis.

3. Look for inspiration. Read not only chess textbooks, but also books related to this great game. For example, Vladimir Khlepitko says that he likes Garry Kasparov’s book “Chess as a Model of Life.”

Watch films about chess and chess players, for example:

• “Bobby Fischer against the World” is about the biography of the American champion and his legendary match with Boris Spassky.
• “The Luzhin Defense” is a film in which you don’t need to look at the chess boards in search of interesting combinations, but you can immerse yourself in its unique atmosphere.
• “Chess Fever” is a black and white Soviet comedy, of course, almost nothing about chess. But Capablanca himself appears in the frame!

What else?

Of course, you shouldn’t ignore online help. As long as you practice in reality, all other ways to make your lessons more effective are also valid.

iChess.net- a channel that makes chess understandable, adds excitement and inspires new achievements.

« ShahMatChannel" is a channel that specializes in holding video tournaments between bloggers and everyone, after which it analyzes in detail the mistakes and successes of players.

I will say this: if you really want it, you will definitely succeed. For me, trying to learn to play chess was a real challenge. The game is, to put it mildly, not easy. But beautiful. Therefore, if you really like chess and are willing to devote a little time to it every day or at least every week, everything will definitely work out.

Success will come from desire and love for the game, and there are many ways to achieve success, the main thing is to keep moving the pieces!

Vladimir Khlepitko, director chess club Wisdom

How to play chess?

1. From the history of chess

The debate is still unresolved: is chess an art or a sport? It would seem that now computers solve complex mathematical problems and can easily become “chess players” of the highest category. However, human thought is limitless, and in chess it found a rather suitable field of activity.

In chess, as in any game, there are accidents, and most often precise calculation, intelligence, and will win. This led to the fact that chess, having existed for 15 centuries, is still relevant today. The birthplace of chess is the East. Among their ancestors are Indian chaturanga and Arabic shatranj. Later, in the Middle Ages, chess spread to Europe, where skillful game was revered as one of the virtues of a real knight. Chess is difficult, but exciting game which promotes the development of endurance, ingenuity, and thinking. At the same time it is very varied game. There is a legend according to which one wise man, having invented chess, asked for only one grain of wheat as a reward for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and so on. The amount turned out to be incredibly large: 8 624 366 313 386 270 208 grains

This huge number is a good proof of the limitless possibilities of chess. And yet, some situations on the board can be repeated. And chess players study them, looking for the best moves that can lead to winning. These recurring parts of the games even have their own names.

For example, the “debut” (beginning) of four knights is so named because the opponents bring all four knights into battle from the very beginning. Others are named after the chess players who used them, or after the countries and cities where they were developed. For example, the name “Caro – Kann Defense” included the names of German chess players G. Caro and M. Kann, and in memory of the Italian chess players of the 15th and 16th centuries, one of the openings was called the “Italian game”.

Interestingly, the word “gambit” (the beginning of a game in which one of the sides sacrifices a pawn or even pieces to gain positional advantages) also comes to us from the Italian language; playing a gambit means tripping up your opponent.

So, many chess names - “Spanish”, “Scottish” games and others - indicate the enormous popularity of chess throughout the world and the fact that all peoples of the world have contributed to the development of chess.

2. Rules of the game of chess

2.1. Starting position

The game of chess consists of moving pieces across 64 squares. First you need to install the chessboard correctly. The board is always positioned so that there is a black square to the left of the player.

This is how armies stand before battle. The strengths of white and black are equal. In the first rank are pawns, in the second rank are the pieces protected by them. There are rooks in the corners, knights next to them, bishops next to the knights, and a king and queen in the center. The white queen always stands on a white square, and the black queen always stands on a black square.

Chess is usually played by two people. One leads the white army, the second leads the black army. White starts the game and makes the first move. In one move you can move one piece or pawn. Players take turns making moves.

2.2. Moves

Now let’s learn more about the figures and their moves:

The most important figure. The game is lost if the king is killed. The goal of the game is to checkmate the enemy king, that is, to put him in a hopeless position. Mat means “died” in Arabic. The king can move to any adjacent field (cell). It will take the king seven moves to cross the chessboard if he moves in a straight line.

The second person in the chess country and a strong figure. At the queen's big choice fields for movement, he can move vertically, horizontally, and diagonally. The queen is not limited to one cell; in one move it can move across the entire board. However, it can be stopped at any passing square.

It is second only to the queen in strength. The rook moves in a straight line - forward and backward, left or right. The queen and rook are considered heavy pieces. The rest of the figures are easy.

It only walks diagonally, forward and backward. Each side of the army has two bishops, one moves only along the white diagonals, the second - along the black ones. And they can never collide.

This is a special figure. All other pieces move only in a straight line, and the knight moves two fields (two cells) forward, one field to the side or two fields to the side, one forward. He doesn't walk, but rather jumps. There is even an expression - “knight's move.” When a horse walks, it changes the color of the field: from black it goes to white, and, conversely, from white it jumps to black.

Weak piece of the chess army. She only walks forward one step. The pawn has no move back. Only at the beginning of the game, if the player wishes, a double move can be made with a pawn. The pawn's path forward is very difficult. Her path is crossed by enemy pieces and pawns. But if she manages to reach the eighth horizontal line, a high reward awaits her. Having stepped onto the last row, the pawn turns into a queen or any other piece of your choice: only the pawn is not destined to become a king. Only two kings can participate in the game.

Knowing how a particular piece makes moves correctly, you should remember: if an enemy piece is on the way, you can capture it. This happens in one move: someone else’s piece is removed from the board, and a piece that hits is put in its place. However, it is not necessary to take it: chess is not checkers, there are different rules. If the path is blocked by your own piece, it means the path is closed, you need to look for another move.

If you have to make a move, you need to consider all the options and, having decided to take the enemy piece, do not accidentally expose your king to attack. After all, the purpose of all the pieces in a chess army is not only to attack, but also to protect the king.

The pawn does not attack in the same way as it moves: it moves forward straight, but it can attack to the right, left and obliquely, and also only in front of itself. The knight has the amazing ability to jump over both its own and other people's pieces. It is only necessary that there be a square free of its pieces on which the knight is going to stand. A move is impossible if your own piece is standing. If there is an opponent's piece, you can take it.

2.3. Chess board. Game recording

A special chess piece language is used to record the movements of pieces on the board during a game. This language is called notation. Knowing it is necessary to read any chess game. If you look at the chessboard, we will see that there are Latin letters on the vertical side. There are eight of them - a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h. There are digital symbols along the horizontal line - there are also eight of them - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The score is taken from the left corner field in the white camp. Each of the 64 squares of the chessboard has its own “first name” and “last name” - indicated by a letter and a number. For example: a1, e2, d4, f5, h3. The figures move from one field to another.

When recording moves, the full notation denotes the first field on which the piece was at the beginning of the move, and the field on which it ended up as a result of the move. It is more convenient to use a method called abbreviated notation in recordings. Its advantage is its brevity. There are designations for figures. They are either written in letters or depicted with special characters:

• King – Kr
• Queen – F
• Rook – L
• Elephant – C
• Horse - K

Pawns are not marked at all.

2.4. Rules for the behavior of figures. Checkmate, checkmate and stalemate

During the game, chess pieces move on the board, attack each other, and are removed from it. But there is a piece that cannot be removed from the board - the king. He cannot occupy a square attacked by an enemy piece. When attacking the king, they say “ check of the king”, warning him - beware. But this is not done in tournaments. Only when recording a duel is an attack on the king - check - a special “+” sign is used.

If the king is attacked, he must be protected immediately. There are three ways to defend against check.

1. Escape from danger (the king leaves the attacked field);
2. Cover yourself from the blow (another piece covers the king);
3. Remove the attacker (the king or another piece hits the offender).

If the king has nowhere to escape from the check, has nothing to protect himself from a blow, and has no one to remove the offender, then this means that the king has received mat. Checkmate is a check from which there is no defense. If the enemy king is checkmated, the game is over. Any piece or pawn can declare checkmate, but a king will never checkmate a king. The king is only able to take the fields of his opponent, and he cannot stand next to him, since he himself will be the first to be attacked.

The king cannot attack the opponent's queen, since he attacks all the squares around him. The king can engage in hand-to-hand combat with other pieces.

costs less than all the figures, it is weak. If you manage to “eat” an enemy piece with a pawn, this is usually a great success, even if the pawn itself dies. A pawn can “fork” – attack two pieces at the same time. Fork - dangerous weapon pawns By moving the pawn forward one square and making a fork, you can attack the king and queen at the same time. Pawns can successfully press back enemy pieces by moving in a chain.

A bishop is worth about three pawns. The elephant is a long-range piece. The bishop can be at the other end of the field and not let the pawn go forward. The number of fields that come under the elephant's fire varies depending on its location. If he is in the middle of the board, he shoots 13 squares, but only seven from the corners. A valuable quality of a bishop is its ability to pin enemy pieces diagonally. The disadvantage of this piece is that half of the squares on the board are inaccessible to it.

Approximately equal in strength to an elephant, although endowed with completely different properties. A knight cannot hold off a pawn from a long distance; to do this, it needs to be close to it. If you try to transfer the knight to any of the neighboring squares, this can be done in only three moves. The king will do this in one move. The horse is not very agile. If the knight is located in the center of the board, it has eight squares under control, and if it is in the corner, then only two. It is more profitable to keep knights in the center of the board. A beginning player should pay special attention to the knights. The pawn fork is dangerous, but it is immediately noticeable. The knight's fork is much more insidious and difficult to notice.

The rook is a very strong fighting piece. She is stronger for both the knight and the bishop. Its cost is approximately five pawns. This combat unit is fast and long-range. The rook moves from one edge of the board to the other and is capable of striking from afar. No matter where the rook stands on the board, it still fires at 14 squares. The rook connects pawns and pieces vertically and horizontally.

The queen is stronger than all the pieces. The entire army of pawns is slightly equal to its value. The queen easily picks up the keys to any piece and can exploit its weakness: the queen ties the bishop vertically, and the rook diagonally. More often than other pieces, the queen can deliver double attacks. The queen is especially “ferocious” when the enemy’s forces are scattered across the board. The queen is the most mattifying piece. The enemy king should especially beware of him. There are many examples of successful actions of the queen, but this is not necessary. Suffice it to say that the queen is a real attacking forward. He starts attacks, organizes them and finishes them.

Not always chess game ends with the victory of one of the players. There are situations in which no matter how hard you try, you won’t be able to checkmate. The simplest example is that there are only kings left on the playing field. It won't work. In this case, the game is considered to end in a draw.

Amazing draw case – stalemate. Let's imagine this situation on the board. White has a huge material advantage. There is one step left to checkmate. But this step never had to be taken. It's Black's move, but they have nothing and nowhere to go. You can’t put the king under attack; the knight’s path is blocked by his own pawns. They, in turn, are blocked by white pawns. One pawn could move forward or even take the rook, but it is tied by white's bishop.

And in such a hopeless situation, due to the fact that Black does not have a single possible move, the game is counted as a draw.

It seems that the difference between checkmate and stalemate is small. In both cases, the king has nowhere to go. But without checkmate there is no such thing.

We must strive to give checkmate, but we should beware of stalemate. Checkmate is a victory, but stalemate is just a draw.

2.5. Complex rules

You can already play your first game of chess after familiarizing yourself with the rules outlined. It remains to become familiar with two more, or rather, exceptions to the rules.

It is known that only one piece can be moved in one move. However, once during the game White and Black are allowed to make a double move – castling – simultaneous rearrangement of the king and rook. Castling is nothing more than the evacuation of the king to the rear. Castling works like this: the rook moves close to the king, and the king jumps over it and stands on the other side.

It is prohibited to castle in the following cases:

1. The king or rook - participants in castling - moved at least once. Castling is possible if the pieces - king and rook - have remained in their places since the beginning of the game;
2. The king has been declared in check. It is impossible to escape from the check by castling;
3. After castling, neither the rook nor the king should be under attack.

The last rule is to take on the pass. On the aisle, only a pawn can attack a pawn, and immediately. A double move is made with a pawn - you have the right to take. If you didn’t use your right, you lost it.

2.6. Game summary

The game ends with one of the players winning or a draw.

Winning happens in the following cases:

• the opponent's king is checkmated;
• the enemy surrendered, that is, he announced out loud “I surrender”;
• one of the players has expired;
• technical victory.

Draw declared if:

• a stalemate has been achieved;
• both players do not have enough pieces to checkmate;
• both players agree to a draw;
• one of the players has run out of time, but his opponent does not have enough pieces to checkmate.

On chess tournaments There are other situations in which a draw is declared.

2.7. Scoring

For a win, 1 point is awarded.

Draw – 0.5 points.

Loss – 0 points.

There is also a “football” scoring system. A win is awarded 3 points, a draw is 1 point, and a loss is 0 points.

Basics of the game of chess. Part 1 - Opening Basics

Basics of the game of chess. Part 2 - Middlegame Basics

Basics of the game of chess. Part 3 - Endgame Basics

Chess - intellectual board game, developing memory, thinking and logic. The game involves two people playing against each other. The rules of chess are not simple if you want to learn tactics and strategy and win games against strong opponents. But every adult and child can master basic moves and combinations to just start playing.

How to correctly place the pieces on the board

The game takes place on a chessboard, which consists of 64 black and white squares. The placement of the board will be correct if there is a white square in the lower right corner.

Each player's pieces are lined up on the board in a certain order: black and white. Each player owns 16 pieces. Pawns are placed on lines 2 and 7 (8 pieces for each player). Lines 1 and 8 occupy the remaining figures.

Rules for placing chess on lines 1 and 8:

• The corners of the board are occupied by rooks;
• Next, next to the rooks are the knights;
• The next piece from the knight to the center of the board is the bishop;
• The queen is on a square of identical color ( white figure on a white cage, black on black);
• The king is located next to the queen.

The most valuable piece in the game after the king is the queen. The rook is considered the next most important, followed by the bishop and knight. The pawn concludes this list.

In chess, you should not needlessly risk pieces, put them under attack and lose them, unless this is part of a well-thought-out strategy. The rules of chess for beginners teach that every pawn on the board is important; if the loss of a piece cannot be avoided, you should always sacrifice the less valuable one.

Correct placement of pieces according to the classical pattern on the chessboard:

How does a game of chess begin?

Each player owns 16 black or white pieces. Usually the color of the pieces a participant will play with is determined by a random draw. The first move always belongs to the player with white pieces. Opponents take turns. A move is considered to be the movement of a piece from one cell division to another (the exception is castling, when two pieces are moved in one move). When a piece is moved to a square of the field that is occupied by an enemy piece, the latter is removed from the board. This move in chess is called a capture.

The main goal of playing chess is to checkmate the opponent's king. Checkmate is a situation in which the king has no free moves, cannot escape capture and does not have the opportunity to close with another piece.

Winning in chess occurs in the following cases:

• The player who checkmates the opponent's king is declared the winner.
• One of the participants gave up. In this case, the opponent is automatically declared the winner.
• The player has exceeded the allotted time for his move. His opponent is automatically declared the winner if he has enough pieces on the field to checkmate.

How pieces move in chess

King

The king is the most powerful and significant figure in chess. The king moves to one free square of the field in any direction: horizontally, vertically and diagonally. The rules prohibit making a move with the king to an adjacent square if it is attacked by one of the enemy pieces.

Queen

The queen is the most powerful piece, which is second in importance on the board after the king. Conventionally, it is believed that one queen is equal in value to eight pawns. The queen can make moves any number of squares vertically, diagonally and horizontally (if there are no other pieces on the way).

Rook

The rook can move any number of squares in a vertical or horizontal direction as long as there are no other pieces in its way. Try to move the rooks out of the corners of the board, where they are located according to the rules of chess placement. With the right strategy, corner cells can quickly be captured by the enemy, and you will lose valuable pieces at the beginning of the game.

Elephant

The bishop moves diagonally to any number of squares if there are no other pieces on them. There are elephants on the playing field that walk along black or white stripes.

Horse

The horse moves in the letter "G". This means that it moves two spaces vertically and one horizontally (or two horizontally and one vertically). The knight is the only piece (not counting castling) that can make a move even if there are other pieces on its way (both one’s own and the enemy’s).

How pawns move in chess

The pawn is considered the lowest value piece in chess, moving only one square forward. There are two exceptions to this rule.

Exceptions:

• Capturing an opponent's piece with a pawn. A pawn can knock down any enemy piece if it is under capture - one square diagonally from it. If captured, the pawn moves to the square diagonally, and the captured enemy piece is eliminated from the game.
• Starting move of the pawn. On the first move, the pawn can move one or two squares directly.

Transformation

If a pawn reaches the opposite rank of the chessboard, it is replaced by any piece: rook, bishop, queen or knight of the same color. The most common choice is to promote a pawn to a queen, as it is the piece with the highest value.

Broken square rule in chess

A pawn can capture another player's pawn while en route. This is possible if the pawn's first move was made two squares on the board, and it jumped over a position that was under attack. Such a transition is not prohibited by the rules. But the opponent reserves the right to capture the pawn: in this case, his piece is transferred to the cell that was initially under attack.

Castling in chess

Castling is an important action in the game of chess. With this move, two problems are solved simultaneously: the king is protected, and the rook is moved from the corner of the board, occupying more advantageous position. During castling, the king moves towards the rook by two squares. Next, the rook goes to the other side of the king, jumping over it.

Rules for castling in chess:

• In the game, this move is the first for the king and rook.
• All fields between these figures are free.
• The square the king moves to is not occupied by another piece.
• The square the king moves to is not attacked by the opponent's piece.
• The king is not in check.

The move of the king and rook during castling is shown in the images below:

Short castling

Long castling

Checkmate in chess

A position in the game in which the king is under attack by an opponent's piece is called check. If the king is in check, the next move is to secure the key piece of the game. To do this, the king can move to another square of the board, which is not under the control of enemy pieces. If possible, the king can himself take the enemy piece that was put in check. You can also defend against an attack with one of your pieces. In most cases, this leads to the loss of the latter.

A position in the game in which it is impossible to defend against check is called checkmate. In this case, the game comes to an end and is considered over. The player who checkmates the opponent's king wins.

If the king's piece cannot make a move, but is not in check, the situation in the game is called stalemate. In modern chess rules, such a situation is considered a draw. A draw may also be declared in other cases.

A draw is declared in chess:

• By agreement between the players.
• The same moves and positions were repeated three times.
• Due to the position of the pieces on the board, the player cannot make his move.
• There are not enough pieces left on the board, which prevents the opponent from being checkmated.
• 50 moves were completed, but no capture was made during this period.

There are many tactics and strategies on how to play chess. Successfully following them will allow you to play games correctly and emerge victorious, and over time, become a real chess professional.

Classical chess is not a game of speed. Every move you make and that of your opponent must be carefully considered. The average game time for professional players is at least one hour.

• Study and know the value of each piece in the game. This will allow you to accept correct solution, if you incur losses in any case and need to choose which piece is best to save.
• Take your time to make a move. Think over everything carefully, try to understand why your opponent acted this way and not differently, and what action he will take next.
• Each move must pursue the main goal of the game - to checkmate the opponent.
• Protect the king, but don't forget about the other pieces. Try to keep them in the game as much as possible and not suffer premature losses.
• Always keep control of the center of the chessboard. In this area there are the most key positions from which the enemy can strike, checkmate the king and capture important pieces.

How to teach a child to play chess

For children, playing chess allows them to develop logical thinking, improve memory, and develop attentiveness and perseverance. Research shows that children who know how to play chess make better progress in their studies and creativity, have good imagination, and formulate their thoughts correctly from an early age. Today it is not necessary to send your child to sport sections to teach the game. You can teach him to play online or at a table at home. IN further game Chess can be a great family pastime and hobby.

A little history and interesting facts about chess

Every professional player in chess is familiar with its history, which begins several thousand years ago. Supposedly the prototype of modern chess was called chaturanga, it originated in India. Later, the game, which was originally a military game, spread throughout the world. In the middle of the 15th century, chess became one of the most popular games in Asia and Europe: the first manuals and instructions, books with rules for conducting competitions began to appear.

The first chess tournament was held in Spain in 1575. The king's subjects played against the guests who arrived at the palace. After this, competitions began to be held throughout the world.

The rules of the game of chess have remained unchanged for several centuries. Not only adults, but also children are passionate about the game. Chess is included in the Olympic program; more than a hundred countries around the world recognize it as an official sport. Russia is also included in this list of countries.

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Theater, as we know, begins with a hanger. Chess - from a chessboard. The initial arrangement of chess pieces on the board must be correct, otherwise your entire the game will go awry and not according to the rules.

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If you want to start playing quickly, don't rush. You are a chess player, and chess begins with the basics.

Initial arrangement of figures

In classical chess, before the start of the game, the pieces are placed on the board in a strictly defined way: all the pieces are located on four horizontal lines. White on 1 and 2, black on 7 and 8. Rooks on the edges, then knights and bishops.

In the center, on the d and e verticals, are the king and queen. It is in the relative position of the king and queen that confusion most often arises. To make it easier to remember, the rule is this: The queen is located on a square of its color. Accordingly, the king is on the field of the opposite color.

The pawns are arranged in a row along the second and seventh ranks. There are 8 of them on each side.

I recommend that from the first steps you name your moves according to the names of the fields. Usually, when analyzing a game, chess players say this: “Knight f three.” This phrase means the knight's move on f3. Or: The queen hits de five” - the queen captured the enemy piece located on the d5 square.

Pieces and moves

We have separate articles on chess pieces. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to a short review. In total, each side has 16 figures. Each player has at his disposal a queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, 8 pawns and, of course, a king.

King– can make moves on one square
Queen- at any distance
Rook– moves vertically and horizontally
Elephant- diagonally
Horse- walks in a zigzag. More precisely, with the letter G. That is, two fields forward and one field to the side. Read more in this article
Pawn- can move either one field forward, or two - from the initial position. Read more about pawn moves in this article.
The king, queen, rook, knight and bishop can move in any direction. Pawn - only forward.

How to place pieces on the board

I recommend placing the pieces on the board, starting with the king and queen. Then minor pieces, rooks, and then pawns. While you are still a beginner chess player, such a sequence will help you remember the value of chess pieces.

This is not strictly necessary, of course. Just advice from an experienced chess player.

How to play for a beginner

The move e2-e4 opens the way for two pieces at once: the queen and the bishop. In addition, White's first move begins to fight for control of the center of the board.

Accordingly, it is reasonable for Black to respond to e2-e4 with e7-e5. The arguments are similar to those stated above.

Develop easy pieces - bishops and knights. It is better to bring the knights closer to the center of the board - to the squares f3, c3, f6, c6.

The center of the board - squares e4, e5, d4 and d5 - is the decisive springboard for the fight for advantage. Try to keep these fields in sight of your pieces

Try not to delay castling. For the king's safety.

Avoid rash moves with extreme pawns, especially on two squares. This weakens the position.

There must be good reasons for introducing the queen early into the game. This strongest piece has great potential, but due to its value it can become an object of attack. You will have to constantly divert the queen from exchanging for a less valuable piece.

It is clear that these are very general principles, stated briefly. Dozens of monographs have been written to describe various chess strategies. If you are a beginner, there is a time for everything.

Let us emphasize once again: The initial arrangement of pieces on the chessboard in classical chess is strictly defined. In other types of chess, for example in Fischer chess, the arrangement is arbitrary. But that's a completely different story.