What is the name of the spade of the card? What were the peaks in the maps called before? Card suit of spades in the old days. What were they called before? Card suit of spades: history and meaning
How to call it correctly card suits
Today there are many serious discrepancies in the names of card suits. For example, you can say: hearts or reds? How is it really correct?
There are three views on this problem. The first is the view of classical Russian literature in the works of Pushkin, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Gogol, Dostoevsky and other famous Russian writers. The second look is Soviet language practice and the third look is modern slang. Many famous authors of books on card games they suggest using the names of the suits that are indicated in classical literature, other well-known authors believe that it is necessary to use terms from Soviet times. My personal opinion is to use the names of the card suits that people want to use during the game. These can be any names with any declensions. As for what names were used to name the card suits, it is better to leave it to historians, let it be recorded in the reference literature.
Below I will give several tables of case forms of the names of card suits in normative and colloquial vocabulary.
Table 1. Declensions of suit names (singular)
Normative vocabulary
| Case | Suit ♠ | Suit ♣ |
Suit ♦ |
Suit |
| Nominative | peak |
Clubs |
Tambourine |
Cherva |
| Genitive | peaks |
Clubs |
Diamonds |
Hearts |
| Dative | dive |
Clubs |
Tambourine |
Cherve |
| Accusative | pike |
Clubs |
Tambourine |
Worm |
| Instrumental | pike |
Clubs |
Bubnoy |
Worms |
| Prepositional | dive |
Clubs |
Tambourine |
Cherve |
Conversational vocabulary
| Case |
Suit ♠ |
Suit ♣ |
Suit ♦ |
Suit |
|
Nominative |
Guilt |
Cross |
Buba |
|
| Genitive |
Vinny |
Cross |
Booby |
|
| Dative |
Wine |
Cross |
Bube |
|
|
Accusative |
Blame |
Cross |
Boo Boo |
|
|
Instrumental |
Blame |
Cross |
Buboy |
|
|
Prepositional |
Wine |
Cross |
Bube |
Table 2. Declensions of suit names (plural)
Suit
Nominative
Peaks
Clubs
Diamonds
Hearts
Worms
Genitive
peak
Clubs
Tambourine
Heart
Worms
Dative
Peaks
Clubs
Tambourines
To the worms
Hearts
Accusative
Peaks
Clubs
Diamonds
Worms
With hearts
Instrumental
In spades
Clubs
Diamonds
To the Hearts
Worms
Prepositional
Peaks
Clubs
Bubnakh
Chervakh
Worms
Conversational vocabulary
|
Case |
Suit ♠ |
Suit ♣ |
Suit ♦ |
Suit |
|
Nominative |
Vinny |
Cross |
Booby |
|
|
Genitive |
Vin |
Cross |
Bubey |
|
|
Dative |
Vinam |
Crosses |
Bam |
|
|
Accusative |
Vinny |
Cross |
Booby |
|
|
Instrumental |
Wines |
Crosses |
Diamonds |
|
|
Prepositional |
Vinah |
Crosses |
Bubyakh |
Table 3. Declensions of adjectives formed from names of suits (singular)
Suit
Nominative
Peak
Clubs
Bubnovy
Hearts
Chervonny
Genitive
Peak
Clubs
Bubnovogo
Chervovogo
Chervonny
Dative
Peak
Clubs
Bubnovoy
Chervovoy
Chervonny
Accusative
Peak
Clubs
Bubnovogo
Chervovogo
Chervonny
Instrumental
Pikov
Trefov
Bubnov
Chervov
Chervonny
Prepositional
Pikov
Trefov
Bubnov
Chervovoy
Chervonnom
Table 4. Declensions of adjectives formed from names of suits (plural)
Suit
Nominative
Peak
Clubs
Diamonds
hearts
red ones
Genitive
Peak
Clubs
Bubnovykh
of hearts
red
Dative
Pikov
Trefov
Bubnov
of hearts
in red
Accusative
Peak
Clubs
Diamonds
hearts
red ones
Instrumental
Peak
Clubs
Bubnov
of hearts
in red
Prepositional
Peak
Clubs
Bubnovykh
of hearts
red
In Russia, the outdated names of card suits were called: spades - pichka, pikovochka, pikushka; clubs - trefushka, trefonka, trefonochka; tambourines - tambourine, tambourine, tambourine, tambourine; wormy - fats, fatty, fatty. Vernacular forms: pikes, clubs, pikes, clubs. Colloquial forms: peaks - wine, wine; clubs - crosses, crosses, acorns; worms - worms, fats; tambourines - tambourines, tambourines, calls.
In Germany, the suits have the following meanings: spades - spades; clubs - clubs; hearts - hearts; diamonds are diamonds.
In Spain, card suits mean: spades - swords; clubs - coins; hearts are swords, diamonds are cups.
In France, the names of the suits are similar to our names: spades - spades; clubs - trefoil; hearts - hearts; tambourines - tiles.
As far as I know, the type of women, as well as men, is determined based on their character, behavior and reaction to stimuli. But to use maps to determine... For me, this is complete nonsense.
The festival of pandemonium is based on historical events, the battle in 1392, when many Ustyuzhan warriors were mistakenly beaten by the Vyatchans in the darkness of the night. During the pandemonium, tents are set up near the tombstone chapel, and special clay horses, whistles and rattles, balls and various delicacies made specifically for this day are sold. Then the children play with dolls, constantly whistling, or standing on both sides of the ditch, as if in an offensive position, throwing balls at each other, as if as a reminder of the military mistake of their ancestors, and each miss is accompanied by a whistle. whistling is a common folk expression, MISS "...
Are you watching Field of Miracles? =))))))))))
The Queen of Diamonds...because she’s multi-sided...I’ll buy myself some diamond earrings...Well, like any lady, I have my own joker, for which I am the ace.))))
Dzhenny you play cards too much...
And you have a lousy imagination
I don’t even want to think about it, what kind of priest is this! =\\\
Color plays an important role in the survival of animals. Therefore, for wild species it is similar to the shades of their habitat (protective color). For example, kulans, onagers, and kiangs do not have a wide “palette” of colors, but they have a wide variety of subtle shades of their basic earthy-sandy-brown color. The color also depends on natural conditions and the time of year. It is determined by the color of the animal’s skin and the hair covering it, the length of the coat, and the distribution of air in the voids of the hair.
The main colors of horses have long been recognized as black, bay, red and gray. Even Hippocrates (460-377 BC) determined the qualities of horses using them. Combinations of these suits and their shades form other suits.
In literature recent years there are already 14 main colors of bulanai identified
brown,
black,
bay,
game,
isabella,
karakaya,
mousey,
piebald,
redhead,
Savrasaya,
gray,
nightingale,
chubaraya.
Many of them have shades, so in horse breeding practice there are more than 30 names of colors, not counting markings.
According to the theory of suit research developed by Russian scientists N.A. Yurasov, V.O. Witt, D.A. Kislovsky, all horse colors are reduced to the so-called epistatic (subordinate) series, in which the action of an allelic pair of color genes is suppressed by the gene of a non-allelic pair. In this case, an epistatic (suppressive) gene cannot manifest itself in the absence of a certain complex of hypostatic (suppressed) inclinations. The epistatic series begins with a red color, like a protozoan (PP). Then comes the black (it cannot be formed without pigments, and therefore is epistatic (subordinate) in relation to the red color), then - bay and dun...
First of all, we must keep in mind that a suit is not just a color or shade, but a certain combination of colors, a type of coloring with a certain distribution of pigments.
The color of a horse is the color of its skin and hair color. If the skin color is dark, then dark hair usually grows on it, and if it is pink (solid), then white hair grows and the hooves are light in color. There are exceptions, for example light gray horses often have dark skin.
The color of horses is determined by the pigment melanin. The amount of pigment depends on the ratio of dioxyphenylanine and skin enzyme. The more the body produces the enzyme (dopa oxidase) with a constant amount of dioxyphenylanine, the more colored the individual pigment grain is. The number of pigment grains deposited in each hair and the distribution of pigment spots in the cortex can vary. The type of pigmentation and its location in the body are determined genetically.
In Russia, the classification and nomenclature of coats developed at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Horse Breeding has been adopted.
In general, suits can be divided into background and composite. The latter are obtained by adding various white impurities to the background color; they are mixed (gray and roan) and spotted (piebald and forelock).
Background suits are divided into zonal and non-zonal. Zonal colors (mousy, savrasaya, kauraya) are close to the color of wild horses. They are characterized by an uneven faded color with a smooth transition from a very light, whitish color on the stomach and inner sides of the legs to a rich, dirty shade on the head, neck, withers, back, and croup.In the Russian language there are many designations for horse colors and their varieties. However, words such as “chagrave” or “fly” can only be found in ancient dictionaries; modern horsemen use only about 17 names of suits. But this list is longer than that of many European nations. Perhaps this is partly why our classification of suits is somewhat different from that accepted abroad. After all, a lot here depends on the tradition of the language. For example, in English, French, and German there are no differences between savras and dun colors and there is no brown, and bay, red and raven roan are perceived by the French and Italians as three completely different suits, and not a variety of the same thing, moreover, the raven-roan is mixed with sulfur.
Sometimes “incomprehensible” words go back to borrowings from peoples who at one time had a great influence on the formation of the language and culture of a given country. Thus, the Latin word badius (chestnut, bay) served as the basis for the name of the bay color in many Romance languages - Italian, Spanish, French. Perhaps the words denoting bay-roan color in these languages are of Latin origin. For Spain, the rule of the Moors, famous horse breeders, did not pass without a trace: the roots of the words alezan (red) and overo (one of the types of piebald color) are considered Arabic, and the French adopted these words from the Spaniards.
At the same time, many Russian names of suits are ancient borrowings from the Turkic peoples. For example, the word “kauriy” is related to the Tatar “kovur” (“brown”). Probably, the word “savrasy” also has Turkic roots, although its origin remains largely unclear; it is associated with the Turkic “sap-sary” - “pure yellow”.
http://www.horseportal.ru/entsiklopediya-loshadey/masti.html
http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/b/2/24/313/24313835_masti.jpg
By the way, card suits have many names: wine-spas, cross-clubs, diamonds, hearts
IN English language the cards are named very logically: hearts - hearts, diamonds - diamonds, cross - crosses, spades - spades
In Italy, Spain and Portugal, for example, instead of the usual suits, for a very long time there were bowls, coins, swords (swords) and shelves.
Cards came to Russia from Germany, through Poland. That's why the suits were called in Polish for a long time, so red (in Polish, red) became "chervo". Vines - old peaks - were so called because they had a vine depicted on them for a long time. Soon, the French trend came, and they called and painted the suits differently: Pigue, Treffe
You may not play Pokemon Go - I believe; haven’t watched a single episode of “Games of Thrones” - easily; but it is unlikely that you have never held playing cards. They are so common that everyone has known them since childhood and are found in almost every apartment (if you don’t have one, let me know in the comments, it’s interesting to count).
When playing cards, we called them suits. For example, spades, and spades, and spades, and spades, and spades, and diamonds, and diamonds, and tambourines...
So, if everyone played cards, only a few named them correctly.
What are the correct names for card suits?
Table 1. Declensions of suit names (singular)
Normative vocabulary
| Case | Suit ♠ | Suit ♣ | Suit ♦ | Suit |
| Nominative | peak | club | tambourine | heart |
| Genitive | peaks | clubs | diamonds | hearts |
| Dative | dive | clubs | tambourine | worm |
| Accusative | pike | clubs | tambourine | worm |
| Instrumental | pike | club | diamond | hearts |
| Prepositional | dive | clubs | tambourine | worm |
Conversational vocabulary
| Case | Suit ♠ | Suit ♣ | Suit ♦ | Suit |
| Nominative | guilt | cross | booba | - |
| Genitive | blame | cross | diamonds | - |
| Dative | wine | cross | bube | - |
| Accusative | guilt | cross | boo Boo | - |
| Instrumental | guilt | cross | Buboy | - |
| Prepositional | wine | cross | bube | - |
Table 2. Declensions of suit names (plural)
Normative vocabulary
| Case | Suit ♠ | Suit ♣ | Suit ♦ | Suit |
| Nominative | peaks | clubs | diamonds | hearts worms |
| Genitive | peak | clubs | tambourine | heart worms |
| Dative | peaks | clubs | tambourines | to worms hearts |
| Accusative | peaks | clubs | diamonds | worms hearts |
| Instrumental | in peaks | clubs | tambourines | hearts worms |
| Prepositional | peaks | clubs | tambourines | of hearts worms |
Conversational vocabulary
| Case | Suit ♠ | Suit ♣ | Suit ♦ | Suit |
| Nominative | blame | cross | diamonds | - |
| Genitive | wine | cross | diamonds | - |
| Dative | wines | crosses | diamonds | - |
| Accusative | blame | cross | diamonds | - |
| Instrumental | wines | crosses | diamonds | - |
| Prepositional | wines | crosses | diamonds | - |
Table 3. Declensions of adjectives formed from names of suits (singular)
Normative vocabulary
| Case | Suit ♠ | Suit ♣ | Suit ♦ | Suit |
| Nominative | peak | club | diamond | hearts red |
| Genitive | peak | club | diamonds | of hearts red |
| Dative | peak | club | diamonds | hearts red |
| Accusative | peak | club | diamonds | of hearts red |
| Instrumental | peak | with clubs | diamonds | of hearts in red |
| Prepositional | peak | club | diamonds | hearts red |
Table 4. Declensions of adjectives formed from names of suits (plural)
Normative vocabulary
| Case | Suit ♠ | Suit ♣ | Suit ♦ | Suit |
| Nominative | peak | clubs | diamonds | hearts red ones |
| Genitive | peak | clubs | diamonds | of hearts red |
| Dative | peak | with clubs | diamonds | of hearts in red |
| Accusative | peak | clubs | diamonds | hearts red ones |
| Instrumental | peak | with clubs | diamonds | of hearts in red |
| Prepositional | peak | clubs | diamonds | of hearts red |
And I’ll immediately warn the reader against worrying about correct pronunciation. The main thing is that your opponents understand you. And so that you know how to play cards. And it’s not the point that usually ruins it.
We will talk about the etymology of suits separately.
