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✪ Chess. Theory of openings 1. Philidor's Defense, Ponziani's Opening (subtitles, Untertitel). CC
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✪ Chess Basics 9. Opening Basics. Sicilian Defense Strategy 1. Chess. Evgeny Grinis
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Hello, dear chess fans! My name is Evgeniy Grinis. And today I invite you to my first video from new series "Short opening theory." I intend to briefly cover the various openings. And the emphasis is on the word “briefly”. Therefore, this will not be a full-fledged opening encyclopedia, since opening systems, like a tree, are overgrown with thousands of options. And remembering all these options is a possible task for a chess computer, but not for a person. And a simple chess player needs to know the basic ideas of opening systems and the basic rules of playing in the opening and the development of pieces. I make no guarantee that these videos will fully cover the debuts I will be presenting. There is no guarantee that the opening theory that I will show will be at the latest level of knowledge; most likely, it will be the other way around. And I cannot guarantee that all the latest theoretical innovations will be shown. And there is no guarantee that all variations of any opening will be covered. Because otherwise these videos would last 10 hours or even longer. And I also cannot guarantee that all positions that will be assessed will be assessed correctly - I cannot guarantee all of this. Nevertheless, I hope that one or the other of you, the audience, will learn a lot about opening systems and openings and expand your knowledge about openings. I think that if a chess player, either white or black, encounters a completely unfamiliar opening system, which may not even be completely correct, but he does not know it, then he has bad chances in the game. And this is what we want to avoid. Each opening has a large number of variations. And sometimes it can be difficult to tell which option is the main one and which is the secondary one. Therefore, I will choose one option as the main one and follow this branch to the end. And then I will gradually show branches from the main option. And then branches from these branches will appear. And so, in order to somehow streamline this, I will try to bring the options to the end. Do not cover everything together at once, but lead one line to the end. And then I will show other possibilities and branches. So that we can somehow understand all this. Otherwise it will be a mess. In today's video I want to show you two openings at once. One of them is called the Philidor Defense, and the second opening is called the Ponziani Opening. Let's start with Philidor's Defense. 1.e4 e5. White plays 2.Nf3, develops the knight and attacks the e5 pawn. But at this point I would like to show another possibility for White, especially for beginner chess players, not very strong chess players. This is the move 2.Qh5, which terrifies many beginning chess players. If here Black attacks the queen with the pawn 2... g6, he immediately loses after 3.Qxe5+. It seems that 2.Qh5 is why it is such a good move, it wins the rook after three moves. With 2.Qh5 White attacked the e5 pawn. And Black needs to play 2... Nc6, protecting the pawn and moving the piece out. White continues with 3.Bc4. They know that in Black's position there is a weak point f7, which is protected only by the king. And White has a terrible attack on this point. If Black doesn't notice the danger here and plays 3... Nf6, (they know that they are attacking the queen), then they get the so-called " children's mat" 4.Qxf7# Therefore, we will show how Black should play here. And the correct move is 3... g6, defending against checkmate and attacking the queen. The queen goes to f3. His idea is the same, to put a "childish checkmate ". Now it is best for Black to go 4... Nf6 and there is no checkmate, and Black has already brought out 2 pieces. If White here continues his idea, attacking the square f7, 5.Qb3, this will be a big mistake on his part. Because Black will not even defend this pawn, but, as we see, our assistant, chess computer , shows us the best move for Black in this position: 5... Nd4. We attack the queen and allow White to take our pawn on f7. They achieved their goal and are very happy. 5.Bxf7+ Ke7. Now White must think about where to move his queen. They must move away with the queen in such a way as to protect their bishop. They can't just go somewhere. Then the king will beat the bishop. And they have the only square from which they still defend the bishop - this is 6.Qc4. And our computer has already calculated everything, it is counting several moves ahead. The move 6... b5, protected by the knight, forces the white queen to leave the diagonal. With any move by White, Black wins the bishop, taking it with the king. But this was a distraction for not very strong chess players, for whom this could be useful. And for everyone else we continue. 2.Nf3 and here the normal response for Black is 2... Nc6. Black also develops the knight and at the same time protects the pawn. They have other moves or even opening systems. This is, for example, 2... Nf6. This is the Russian Party. Instead of defending his pawn e5, black attacks the white pawn e4. Well, the second even more or less solid move, which protects the pawn, is 2... d6, because no other possibilities for black like 2... f6 or 2... Qe7, or 2... Bd6 are solid. And this move 2... d6 was proposed by the French chess player Philidor. And that is why this defense is called Philidor's Defense. Philidor was a strong chess player of his time. He wrote books on chess. He owns the phrase “The pawn is the soul of the party.” That is, he attached great importance to pawn positioning. And contributed to chess. The only thing he considered in his defense was that after 3.d4 (almost the most popular move, opening the line for the bishop and once again attacking the pawn) Black should move 3... f5. He appreciated such a compact arrangement of pawns. Philidor also believed that with this move Black would seize the initiative. We will return to this position later. But I can only say that now this move 3... f5 is not considered a solid defense. Sometimes it can be used and therefore White must know how to react to it. Well, the main variation begins with the move 3... Nf6, as in the Russian game. Black attacks the e4 pawn. Earlier, but after Philidor, they found that Black should play 3... Nd7 and defend the pawn in this way. On the one hand, this idea is correct, but its design turned out to be not very good. because after 3... Nd7 there are variations where White almost gets a won position. But we will not consider them, we do not have the opportunity for this. Therefore, now they mostly play 3... Nf6 in this position. And White responds with 4.Nc3 in the main variation. And now, after including the moves 3... Nf6 and 4. Nc3, Black plays 4... Nbd7. Here White no longer has such dangerous, almost forced options that could almost lead to winning the game, to a very great advantage. It is thanks to the inclusion of the moves 3... Nf6 and 4. Nc3. When White realized that after the moves 3... Nf6 4.Nc3 they would not achieve this great advantage, as they would have liked, they came up with another possibility. We will return to it later. In this position White plays 5.Bc4, simply bringing the bishop onto a good diagonal aimed at the f7 square. And Black plays 5... Be7, preparing to castle. 6.0-0 0-0 It must be said that the disadvantage of the Philidor Defense is that Black is constrained. The bishop can only go to e7, and these pawns are hampering Black’s position. They do not have the free development that whites have now. White can do what they want, but Black needs to think about how to bring out the bishop on c8, where to bring out the queen and how to connect the rooks, because any opening is considered complete only after the rooks are connected. This is the end of the opening and the transition to the middle of the game. So, until the rooks are connected, the opening for Black will not end. And for whites this will happen much faster. They only need to bring out the bishop and queen, which we will do now 7.Qe2 So, black needs to solve the problem: they have less space than white. And this is a drawback. When one side has less space, it needs to think about how to exchange minor pieces - a pair of knights or a pair of bishops. Here it is not easy to do this without giving White a certain game. For example, you can rent out the center, but this also has certain disadvantages. Black moves 7... c6. In principle, this defense keeps the pieces on the board for a long time. Right now, not a single pawn has yet been exchanged and, naturally, not a single piece, which, in principle, is in favor of White, who has more space. This move 7... c6 on the one hand serves to bring the queen to c7, but its main idea, other than taking control of the d5 square so that the knight cannot go there, or d5 can be answered with c5, is that to play b7-b5. Now, if Black plays b7-b5, they will be able to get the initiative on the queenside. If necessary, you can go b5-b4, black can then bring the bishop to b7, protect, say, this pawn with the move a6 and think about how to carry out c6-c5, and maybe somewhere d6-d5. Reinforce with the rook from e8. In general, the move b7-b5 would give Black already good game on the queenside. And therefore, if the one who plays White knows this, he must make the move 8.a4 here. Any other move, for example with a rook, will give Black the opportunity to carry out b7-b5 with tempo. After 8.a4 Black is still constrained. And according to theory, the move here is 8... Qc7. The queen here, as it were, secures these pawns in case of capture and frees the knight. For example, after a capture, the knight will be able to move to c5, and the queen will defend this pawn on e5. Perhaps black is planning to go Re8, which he often does, often placing a pawn on h6, protecting the g5 square. And then they can go Bf8 or Nf8. And they wait. At some point, Black can capture on d4 and his knight can move to c5 or e5. This is such a slow game because black has little space. And White makes a move here like h3. With this move they already limit the black bishop in advance. He was just thinking about where he should go, but the whites had already limited him. They're already saying - you can't come here. And also the knight will not be allowed to move here, and therefore White will be able to move, if he wants, Be3. At least everything will be ready for this - there will be no attack from the horse. This is where our main option ends. His assessment: White has a slight advantage. This means that in this position, when the Philidor Defense is now being played, Black has one plan related to the move b7-b6. Then they bring the bishop to b7, after which they play a6. And then, that is, they slowly carry out the move b5, which they would have made earlier if White had not played 8.a4. And in this slow way Black achieves the b5 advance. With the bishop on b7. And they also have counter chances. This is the modern plan in Philidor's Defense. White, in turn, often does not even bring the bishop to e3, but plays b3 and then maybe Bb2, and maybe sometimes Ba3. And then their rooks are connected, they can play in the center. One rook on d1, for example, the second rook on e1. White still has more space; he can, if necessary, move his knight to f5. Or there is another idea: take the bishop to a2. For example, in the case of Re8 and Bf8, White can even move the queen to c4, which sometimes works, since the pawn can hang on f7. And at the same time the queen pins the c6 pawn, Nb5 can follow, attacking the queen, or Nd5, if this gives something. In general, it turns out to be an interesting game with mutual chances. So, what other opportunities do whites and blacks have? After the move 8.a4, instead of 8... Qc7, black can take 8... exd4 on d4 in order to free up a little. White takes 9.Nxd4. Black made a concession in the center, that is, they exchanged their pawn, which somehow cemented this center. Now blacks don't have it. But for this they get squares for the knight e5, c5, that is, more squares. And they have the option of playing 9... Nxe4. After 10.Nxe4 comes d5. But this is a possible attempt by Black, which may not always be justified. After 11.Nf5 Black takes the piece back. 11... dxc4 and here White has the move 12.Bh6. 12... gxh6 will be followed by 13.Qg4+ and Black must give up the bishop 13... Bg5. Then 14.Nxh6 and the theory evaluates this particular position: White has an advantage, although the computer sees only a slight advantage for White. He has already calculated 10 moves ahead and believes that White has a slight advantage in proper game black. This is one such deviation option. Now there is an interesting position after the move 5... Be7. White played 6.0-0. It turns out that White has other moves that Black must be prepared for if he wants to play the Philidor Defense. It would seem that after Nf6 and Be7 Black seems to have gained the tempo for castling and can castle faster. Because in variations with early Nd7 black still needs to do this. But White can, for example, make the move that the computer is now suggesting. This is the move 6.Ng5. The pawn hangs on f7, we need to castle 6... 0-0. And White has an attempt 7.Bxf7+ Well, we need to take the bishop with the rook, otherwise Black is simply without a pawn. 7... Rxf7 and 8.Ne6. White takes advantage of the fact that the black queen has only one square to retreat 8... Qe8 and they fall under the knight's fork. And White hopes to take the rook here, that is, to win an exchange and two pawns. 9.Qd8 should be played. 9... Nxa8. White carried out his idea, but he still needs to try to prevent his knight from disappearing on a8, because it will be difficult to get him out of there just like that. Black could go 10... b6 with the idea 11... Bb7, but White will give up this knight for one more pawn, and he will have a rook and 3 pawns for 2 pieces. According to theory, Black has a move here 10... b5, which is considered the strongest, and the theoretical assessment of this position: Black has a slight advantage. Our computer evaluates this position as equal. Another attempt by White, besides 6.0-0 and 6.Kg5, is a move similar in variations to 6.Kg5 - 6.Bxf7+ right away. 6... Kxf7. Now 7.Ng5+ . If 7... Kf8, then 8.Ne6+ winning the queen. If 7... Ke8, then 8.Ne6 wins the queen, he does not have a single move. Black plays 7... Kg8. Now again 8.Ne6 Well, similar options. 8... Qe8 9.Nxc7, but black is not obliged to play 9... Qd8, he has a stronger move 9... Qg6, attacking the important pawn g2, and the assessment of this position: black has a slight advantage. They give up the rook, but start the game against the white king, and it will be difficult for the knight to get out there too. And one more move for White in this position, besides 6.0-0, 6.dxe5 After 6... dxe5 there is again a blow 7.Bxf7+ Kxf7 8.Kg5+ But in this position Black has the move 8... Kg6. This is the best move. Theory assessment: the position is unclear, perhaps 9.h4, 10.h5+, but the computer evaluates this position as the best for Black. We say: unclear position. But 8... Kg6 is the best move. These are the attempts by White that Black needs to know if they are playing the Philidor Defense. And White should think about whether to play like this or not, or choose 6.0-0. Instead of moving 4.Nc3 after 3. .. Nf6 White has another strong attempt to capture the pawn 4.dxe5, and this move claims to refute to some extent Black's move 3... Nf6. That is, in the move order, when Black played 3... Nf6 and White responded with 4. Nc3, Black got what he wanted earlier. They need this move 4.Nc3. White, in turn, tries not to go for this line, but to go 4.dxe5. And this is a completely different option. 4... Nxe4 And before they played 5.Nbd2, attacking the knight so that it would waste a tempo. 5... Nxd2 6.Bxd2 Be7 7.exd6 Qxd6. The theory estimates this position with a slight advantage for White. Our computer considers this position equal. But White has one more gain. After 4... Nxe4, modern theory suggests the move 5.Qd5. The knight is attacked and must go to c5. 5... Nc5 6.Bg5 White wants to exchange pawns on d6, and they would like Black to retaliate with his pawn on d6. Then Black has a weak, backward pawn on the half-open line. 6... Be7 7.exd6 Well, Black doesn’t want to capture the pawn, after which White will have an advantage, and takes 7... Qxd6 with the queen. 8.Nc3. Developmental move. And here Black has different continuations, where White often has an advantage. One of them is 8... c6. We cannot consider all of Black's moves. 9.Qxd6 Bxd6 10.0-0-0 with tempo. And this position is rated as the best for White. White has an advantage. That is, in the line 4.dxe5 followed by 5.Qd5 White gets a slight advantage. Almost forced play: 5... Nc5 6.Bg5 Be7 7.exd6 Qxd6 8.Nc3. Well, maybe Black has other moves here, maybe 8... Be6. It is necessary to know this variation more deeply, so that on different moves of Black (8... Bg4 they still have, 8... Nc6 is the move) to know how White gets an advantage. But we can’t do all this now. And we return to the position after White’s move 3.d4. And Black here has the opportunity to surrender the center 3... exd4. White has 2 continuations. Consider 4.Qxd4. White takes with the queen, although he falls under 4... Nc6. But they pin the knight 5.Bb5 and on 5... Bd7 6.Bxc6. True, they give away the advantage of the two bishops 6... Bxc6, but White has an advantage in space, so this is not so scary for him. Their horses are also strong. 6.Nc3 Nf6 7.Bg5. Easy, natural development of pieces for White after 4.Qxd4. They quickly bring all their pieces into play. 7... Be7 8.0-0-0. This is the idea of the move 4.Qxd4. The theory estimates that White has a slight advantage. Our computer thinks the position is equal. But after 3... exd4 there is of course 4.Nxd4. One of Black's options is 4. .. g6. Bring the bishop to a long diagonal where it will be well positioned. And in the event of White's long castling, the bishop will have an even stronger influence on the game. 5.Nc3 Bg7. White's play here is similar to the Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defense: prepare a pawn attack on the kingside. Defend the pawn from f3 and go g4, h4, h5. Bring the bishop to e3, the queen to d2, and if necessary go Bh6 to exchange the black bishop. This is a game like the Dragon Option. Or as in the Samisch Variation of the King's Indian Defense. 6.Be3, for example. There is another move. 6... Nf6 7.Qd2. It's important to know the plan. 7... 0-0 8.0-0-0 Re8 9.f3. 8... Re8 in order to have the withdrawal Bh8 after Bh6 without changing bishops. 9... Nc6 10.g4. White begins to attack. 10... Ne5. Evaluation of theory: unclear position. For our computer, however, the position is clear. He believes that White has an advantage. And after 5... Bg7 White can still play 6.Bf4 instead of 6.Be3. 6... Nf6 7.Qd2. The same idea, but for some reason it is believed that 6.Bf4 may be somehow better. 7... 0-0 8.0-0-0 Re8 9.f3. Theory assessment: White has a slight advantage. Computer score: game equal. After 3... exd4 4.Nxd4 instead of 4... g6, black can simply develop 4... Nf6. 5.Nc3 Be7. This option is called the Antoshin Option. There was a Russian grandmaster Antoshin who often used this opening system for black, and this variation is named after him. Without the move 4... g6. Although I think that he also used 4... g6. 5.Bf4 0-0 6.Qd2. White pursues the same idea, but Black did not make the move 4... g6. 6... a6 7.0-0-0. That is, White’s plan remained the same: to launch an attack on the king’s side, maybe even with the same moves. Black in this system often plays what our assistant shows: c5. Maybe not in this position, I'm not exactly sure, but c5, b5. This is the game in the Antoshin Variation. Position assessment: White has some advantage. After the move 5... Be7 White has something new. Not the latest, but once upon a time it was new. Black's idea in this system is to carry out d6-d5 if necessary. After the exchange in the center, the pawns disappear, and Black expects an equal game. The move 6.Qf3 is directed against this plan, preventing the move d6-d5. 6... 0-0 7.Nf5 Bxf5 8.Qxf5. White has the advantage of two bishops. The position is open. Elephants matter. 8... Nc6 9.Be3 9... Ne5 10.Be2 c6 11.Bd4 g6 12.Qh3. Theory assessment: White has the best position. The computer gives some advantage to White. But an interesting variation with the move 6.Qf3. Deserves attention. Well, now let's return to Philidor's move 3... f5. This or that chess player can play like this. And if White doesn't know how to respond to this move, he might even end up with a bad position. Philidor didn’t offer it for nothing after all. But the correct answer for White is 4.Bc4 4... fxe4. And White has a blow 5.Nxe5 If you beat the knight 5... dxe5, then 6.Qh5+. 6... g6 loses due to 7.Qxe5+ and 8.Qxh8+- . And 6... Kd7 or 6... Ke7 - only a computer can afford this. Therefore, Black responds with 5... d5. 6.Qh5+ g6 7.Nxg6 Nf6 8.Qe5+ Be7. The computer sees a very large White advantage here. The theory suggests the move 9.Bb5+. He considers him the strongest and evaluates this position with an advantage for White +/-. The computer agrees with this assessment, but not with the move 9.Bb5+. He considers some other moves for White to be stronger. We now return to move 2...d6...and conclude our consideration of the Philidor Defense here. And we move on to the second opening. After 2.Nf3 black responds with 2... Nc6. And usually White continues with 3.Bb5, which leads to the Spanish game. There is a move 3. Bc4 leading to the Italian game, to the Evans Gambit, the Two Knights Defense. There is a move 3.d4 leading to the Scottish game. And there is one more move that we will consider today. This is the move 3.c3. This opening is called the Ponziani opening. White is preparing the move 4.d4. But in the Italian game they prepare it later, after Bc4, after the move Bc5, then they play c3. In the Spanish game, the move c3 is also included in White's plan. But also at a later stage. And in the Ponziani opening, White does it right away. It is believed that blacks have two main answers. This is the active move 3... d5 and the second move 3... Nf6. There is one more move, we will look at them all later. The main option for us now is 3... Nf6. 4.d4. Whites must carry out their idea. Here we will go along the branch where Black plays 4... Nxe4 5.d5 Nb8 6.Nxe5 Fe7. There are also branches here. 7.Qd4 d6 8.Qxe4 Qxe5 9.Bd3 +/=. Theory assessment: White has a slight advantage. The computer agrees with this. That is, by playing this variation, Black gets a slightly worse position. The branch here is after the move 6.Nxe5. instead of 6... Qe7 black can try to play 6... Bc5. White can play 7.Qg4, taking advantage of the fact that the g7 pawn is under attack, and at the same time attacking the knight. 7... 0-0 and 8.Qxe4 d6 9.Bd3, threatening mate with tempo. 9... f5 10.Fs4. The knight cannot be captured with a pawn due to the loss of the bishop. Black plays actively 10... b5. They went for this line 6... Bc5 in order to start such a game. 11.Qxb5 Qe7. Bunch. 12.0-0 dxe5. And White plays 13.Bg5! After which the position is assessed by theory: White has a slight advantage. And the computer estimates that White has a slightly larger advantage. That is, if 13... Qxg5, then the c5 bishop is lost. And the computer believes that there is an advantage here both after 13... Qxg5 and after 13... Qd6 14.Qb3. This means that the move 6... Bc5 did not quite work out. If played correctly, White gets an advantage. After the move 4.d4 we responded with 4... Nxe4. There is also a move 4... exd4 5.е5 Nd5! The strongest move. 6.сxd4 d6 7.Bb5. It is believed that White has a slight advantage. The computer, however, believes that the position is equal. After 4.d4 Kxe4, White has another move 5.dxe5. Black responds with 5... d5. 6.Bb5 Cc5 7.Kd4 0-0. Theory evaluation: position equal. The computer thinks that black is better. That is, in the case of 5.dxe5 you can play 5... d5. But there is another move 5... Cc5 6.Qxd5 Cxf2+ 7.Kpe2 f5 8.Kbd2 with an unclear position according to theory. But for a computer it is clear. When he sees the king on e2, he evaluates the position in favor of black. Move 3... d5. White has two options. 4.Bb5, as our assistant is showing us now. 4... dxe4 5.Kxe5 Qd5 6.Qa4 Kge7 We need to protect the knight. 7.f4 Cd7 8.Kxd7 Kpxd7 9.Cc4 Qf5 10.0-0 Rd8. Black is preparing an artificial castling after Krs8. 11.d4 exd3 12.Cxd3. You can't hit an elephant. It seems to be unprotected, but after 12... Qxd3 13.Rd1 there will be a pin under the protection of the queen, which can sometimes be overlooked. These back protections are sometimes hard to see. After 13.Rd1 Black must give up the queen. 12... Qs5+ This position is equal. But White has one more try. After 3...d5 they can play 4.Q4. 4... Nf6! The strongest move. 5.Nxe5 5... Cd6! 6.Kxc6 bxc6 6.d3 0-0. Black plays actively. They are not afraid of losing another pawn so that they have an advantage in development. And White does not go to win the second pawn. 8.Se2 Le8. The theory says that Black has compensation for the given pawn, for the material. They have better development. The computer evaluates the position as equal. And black has one more option. This is the move 3... f5. After the move 3.с3 Black plays as in the king's gambit with color change. 4.d4 fxe4 5.Kxe5. There is one branch here. 5... Qf6 6.Kg4 Qg6 7.d5! Kd8 8.Ce2 Cc5 9.0-0 Kf7. White has a slight advantage. The computer sees that they have a slightly larger advantage. And after 5.Nxe5 Black could still go 5... Kf6 6.Cg5 Qe7 +/= White has a slight advantage here. It was option 3... Nf6. After 3... Kf6 White played 4.d4... And this is where all the variations of the Ponziani opening and the Philidor Defense end. And with that we end this video "Short Opening Theory". I hope you liked it. If so, subscribe to my channel and please comment on the video on the Internet on YouTube. You can write to me if you have any suggestions regarding the order of consideration of openings, if you are particularly interested in some openings that you would like to discuss with me earlier. Under the video in the description you will find a direct link to one of the pages of my website, where you will find hundreds of grandmaster games or games of international masters. And you can play them. And thereby improve your opening knowledge. You will find instructions on the "Studying games" page. This is where the video ends. Goodbye. Until next time!
Not every one of us can boast of the ability to play chess. Many people, when starting a game, know only the initial positions of the pieces and how they can move around the board. But you know, this is probably the most interesting game. You don't know where the next move will take you or who will win. Everyone who is now far from the world of chess will ask - is it possible to know your moves in advance and predict the opponent’s action in advance? Don't be surprised, this is true. And chess openings - strategies in which moves are calculated in advance - became an assistant in this calculation.
And chess openings appeared more than two centuries ago, although it was in the 19th century that they were an art - it was then that chess occupied an honorable role, and the game - various championships held - was given more attention than in the modern world. Then the game masters created strategies that would allow them to finish the game with minimal losses. Even playing on someone else's field. In general, before the advent of computers, the game could be calculated in five moves. Well, at least ten. What have computers changed, you ask? Yes, a lot. Thanks to its ability to calculate complex algorithms, the computer has made it possible to create chess openings in which the moves will be calculated as many as twenty moves. It turns out to be a predictable game, isn't it? Unfortunately, the use of automatic calculations has led to the game becoming mechanical - you see and know what your opponent will do and you know what you should do. Beauty and admiration are gone - just complex calculations in the head.
But beginners simply must know the basic chess openings - without this, they on the board are simply not of interest to the second player, if he has at least some skills. And in order to remember a certain opening, it must be used in practice as often as possible, for example, when playing. Yes, chess can be taught - drill the basic positions into your head and now you are a completely successful player. Which, by the way, many people use successfully. For example, a situation very often occurs when a professional plays with a beginner and the latter remains very confident within the limits of his knowledge. True, more often than not, this confidence leaves him as soon as his native pieces go beyond the allotted half of the board.
But you know, now it’s pointless to talk about chess openings, their purpose and usefulness - they already exist, they are popular. Therefore, if you really want to learn how to play chess, you just need to study it. And remember some of them - believe me, they will come in handy on the board.
A chess opening is the initial stage of the game. This is the period during which you need to try to take control of the center of the board, and move pieces from the initial positions to more aggressive positions. Below are ten rules to keep in mind when starting the game:
1. Start the game with a pawn in column e or d - these are the pawns that help to take a place in the center.
2. If possible, try to move your pieces further so that they threaten enemy pieces or prevent them from advancing.
3. It is often better to advance the knights before the bishops. This is explained by the fact that your knights will then have more options for moves, since they are more limited in their movements than bishops.
4. When you advance your pieces, do not place them on squares that can easily be attacked by your opponent, which will result in you having to retreat. Try to move each piece only once at the beginning of the game.
5. At the beginning of the game, make only one or two pawn movements, but no more.
6. Do not advance the queen too early, as it can easily be threatened by enemy pieces, and you will have to move it to other squares of the board, and you will lose precious time and lag behind in development.
7. Secure your king and castle as early as possible, preferably castle on the king's side (short castling).
8. Play with the goal of gaining control of the center of the board. The center consists of squares d4,d5, e4, and e5.
9. Always try to keep at least one pawn in the center of the board.
10. Don't sacrifice your pieces without a good reason. For example, you can sacrifice a pawn in order to speed up your development, or to prevent your opponent from castling, or to build a good attack and drive off the enemy queen - all these are good reasons to sacrifice a pawn.
The above rules for opening in chess are generally good and can be followed, but remember that there are always exceptions. Any rule can always be broken for some good reason. Take a look at the following diagram:
Here White did not move to d4 or e4 (see rule 1). However, the pawn on the c4 square attacks the d5 square (see rule 8). This pawn move is good. Compare with the following diagram:
Here the pawn has no effect on the center. This is a bad move. Briefly, during the start of the game:
- control the center
- promote your figures
- castling as early as possible
For beginners, it is better to start the game with the move 1.e4 (for White), or 1...e5 (for Black), for the reason that games of this type lead to more open moves, pieces move faster, and the game is more tactical. Therefore, the ideas of such a game are easier to understand.
Below are some of the most famous openings. Opening - the first moves of the game. Often a debut in chess determines the development of the entire chess game. Knowledge of basic chess openings will increase general level games, and will help in certain situations.
