What is the scale in 1 cm 10 meters? Transverse scale. Scales of topographic maps

Betuganov Astemir

Project Manager:

Shopagova Alla Sergeevna

Institution:

MCOU "Secondary School No. 27" Nalchik

In the presented research paper in mathematics on the topic "Scale and its application" I will try to find out at what scale it will be convenient to place objects on an A4 sheet. Working on a research project about scale will help me consolidate my knowledge in mathematics.

In my mathematics research project "Scale and Its Applications" I will need to clarify and compare the mathematical calculations with the data obtained.

During research work in mathematics about scale and its application, I hope that the scales that I set will allow me to place objects on album sheet A4.

Also, in the practical part of my work, I will consider and mathematically solve interesting problems involving distance and scale.

Introduction
Main part
1. Definition of scale.
2. Solving interesting problems at scale.
conclusions
Applications.

Introduction

In mathematics lessons in the 6th grade, we covered this interesting topic, from which we learned how, using a scale, you can find a distance on the ground, knowing the length of the segment on the map corresponding to this distance on the ground, and vice versa.

When drawing images of objects on paper, we are most often forced to change their actual sizes: large objects have to be depicted in a reduced form, and small ones have to be enlarged.

Sites earth's surface depicted on paper in a reduced form. An example of such an image is any map or plan. Small details are shown enlarged in the drawings.

But a drawing, map or plan should give an idea of ​​the actual dimensions of objects. Therefore, a special entry is made on drawings and maps showing the ratio of the length of the segment on the map or drawing to its real length.

The topic of my research project in mathematics is " Scale and its application».

Objective of the project: find out at what scale it will be convenient to place objects on an A4 sheet.

Project objectives:

1. consolidate school knowledge in mathematics;
2. clarify whether mathematical calculations are comparable with the data obtained.

Hypothesis: It is most effective to draw patterns at 1:10, apartment layout at 1:100; house passport 1:1000; city ​​map 1:10000; area map 1:100000.

Expected Result: The scales I have specified will allow me to place objects on a landscape sheet.

Equipment:
ruler, pencil, compass, calculator, map.
sheet A 4, ruler, pencil.

Definition of scale

Scale is a fraction where the numerator is one, and the denominator is a number that shows how many times the distance on the terrain plan is reduced than on the ground.

For example: 1:1000 (one thousandth) means that all distances on the ground are reduced by a thousand times. The larger the number in the denominator of the fraction, the greater the reduction and the greater the coverage of the area.

• numerical, expressed in numbers 1:1000;
• named, is expressed in words, that is, cm is converted to m: 1cm is 10m, 10m is the scale value;
• linear, knowing the scale, we can determine the distances.

Let's look at the map. The scale is indicated at the top (1: 500,000). They say that the map was made on a scale of one five hundred thousandth. This means that 1 cm on the map corresponds to 500,000 cm on the ground. This means that a 1 cm segment on the map corresponds to a 5 km segment on the ground.

And if I take a segment 3 cm long on the map, then on the ground it will be a segment 15 km long.

I downloaded a map of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic from the Internet. Map of the republic with a scale of 1:10000, that is, 1 cm 100 meters, and the scale of the surrounding area is 1:100000 in 1 cm 1 kilometer. I immediately found my native village using it.

So, scale (German. Massstab, lit. " measuring stick»: Maß « measure», Stab « stick") - in general, the ratio of two linear dimensions.

In many areas of practical application scale is the ratio of the image size to the size of the depicted object .

The concept of scale is most common in geodesy, cartography and design - the ratio of the natural size of an object to the size of its image.

A person is not able to depict large objects, for example a house, in life-size, and therefore, when depicting a large object in a drawing, drawing, layout, etc., a person reduces the size of the object several times: two, five, ten, one hundred, a thousand and so on again. The number showing how many times the depicted object is reduced is the scale.

Scale is also used when depicting the microworld. A person cannot depict a living cell, which he examines through a microscope, in its natural size and therefore increases the size of its image several times.

The number showing how many times the real phenomenon is increased or decreased when depicting it is defined as scale.

Some photographers measure scale as the ratio of the size of an object to the size of its image on paper, screen, or other media.

The correct technique for determining scale depends on the context in which the image is being used.

conclusions

Compared my assumptions put forward in my hypothesis with inscriptions on patterns, maps and technical plans of the house and apartment. It turned out that in some places I was mistaken 10 and even 100 times.

• patterns are most effectively drawn at 1:10;
• apartment layout 1:100;
• house passport 1:1000;
• city ​​map 1:10000;
• area map 1:100000.

In fact, the apartment plan is usually taken at a scale of 1:200; the scale of the maps turned out to be exactly the same as in the original, but they are located on as many as 6 landscape sheets!

So once again, I am convinced that before making assumptions, you need to recalculate several times.

Thus, we formed the concept of scale, map, drawing, and practiced solving problems for calculating the length of a segment on the ground and on the map.

Solving scale problems

Task 1. The distance between the two cities is 400 km. Find the length of the segment connecting these cities on a map made at a scale of 1:5000000.

Solution:
400km = 400000m = 40000000cm
40000000: 5000000 = 40: 5 = 8 (cm)

Task 2. The distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg in a straight line is approximately 635 km from center to center. The length of the route along the highway is 700 km.
How many times must this distance be reduced so that it can be depicted on a slide as a segment 14 cm long?

Solution:
700km = 700000m = 70000000cm
70000000cm: 14cm = 5000000(times)

Map scale is the ratio of the length of a segment on the map to its actual length on the ground.

Scale ( from German - measure and Stab - stick) is the ratio of the length of a segment on a map, plan, aerial or satellite image to its actual length on the ground.

Let's consider the types of scales.

Numerical scale

This is a scale expressed as a fraction, where the numerator is one and the denominator is a number indicating how many times the image is reduced.

Numerical scale is a scale expressed as a fraction in which:

• the numerator is equal to one,
• the denominator is equal to the number showing how many times the linear dimensions on the map are reduced.

Named (verbal) scale

This is a type of scale, a verbal indication of what distance on the ground corresponds to 1 cm on a map, plan, photograph.

A named scale is expressed by named numbers indicating the lengths of mutually corresponding segments on the map and in nature.

For example, there are 5 kilometers in 1 centimeter (5 kilometers in 1 cm).

Linear scale

This an auxiliary measuring ruler applied to maps to facilitate the measurement of distances.

Plan scale and map scale

The scale of the plan is the same at all its points.

The map scale at each point has its own particular value, depending on the latitude and longitude of the given point. Therefore, its strict numerical characteristic is numerical scale- ratio of the length of an infinitesimal segment D on the map to the length of the corresponding infinitesimal segment on the surface of the ellipsoid of the globe.

However, for practical measurements on a map, its main scale is used.

Forms of expression of scale

The designation of scale on maps and plans has three forms - numerical, named and linear scales.

The numerical scale is expressed as a fraction in which:

• numerator - unit,
• denominator M - a number showing how many times the dimensions on the map or plan are reduced (1:M)

In Russia, standard numerical scales have been adopted for topographic maps

• 1:1 000 000
• 1:500 000
• 1:300 000
• 1:200 000
• 1:100 000
• 1:50 000
• 1:25 000
• 1:10 000
• For special purposes, topographic maps are also created on scales 1:5 000 And 1:2 000

The main scales of topographic plans in Russia are

• 1:5000
• 1:2000
• 1:1000
• 1:500

In land management practice, land use plans are most often drawn up on a scale 1:10 000 And 1:25 000 , and sometimes - 1:50 000.

When comparing different numerical scales, the smaller one is the one with the larger denominator. M, and, conversely, the smaller the denominator M, the larger the scale of the plan or map.

Yes, scale 1:10000 larger than scale 1:100000 , and the scale 1:50000 smaller scale 1:10000 .

Note

Used in topographic maps ah, the scales are established by Order of the Ministry economic development RF “On approval of requirements for state topographic maps and state topographic plans, including requirements for the composition of information displayed on them, for symbols specified information, requirements for the accuracy of state topographic maps and state topographic plans, to the format of their presentation in electronic form, requirements for the content of topographic maps, including relief maps" (No. 271 of June 6, 2017, as amended on December 11, 2017).

Named scale

Since the lengths of lines on the ground are usually measured in meters, and on maps and plans in centimeters, it is convenient to express the scales in verbal form, for example:

There are 50 m in one centimeter. This corresponds to the numerical scale 1:5000. Since 1 meter is equal to 100 centimeters, the number of meters of terrain contained in 1 cm of a map or plan is easily determined by dividing the denominator of the numerical scale by 100.

Linear scale

It is a graph in the form of a straight line segment, divided into equal parts with signed values ​​of the corresponding lengths of terrain lines. Linear scale allows you to measure or plot distances on maps and plans without calculations.

Scale accuracy

The maximum possibility of measuring and constructing segments on maps and plans is limited to 0.01 cm. The corresponding number of meters of terrain on the scale of a map or plan represents the maximum graphic accuracy of a given scale.

Since the accuracy of the scale expresses the length of the horizontal location of the terrain line in meters, to determine it, the denominator of the numerical scale should be divided by 10,000 (1 m contains 10,000 segments of 0.01 cm). So, for a scale map 1:25 000 scale accuracy is 2.5 m; for map 1:100 000 - 10 m, etc.

Scales of topographic maps

numerical scale cards	Name cards	1 cm on the map corresponds on the grounddistance	1 cm 2 on the map corresponds on the area area
	five thousandth
1:10 000	ten-thousandth
1:25 000	twenty-five thousandth
1:50 000	fifty thousandth
1:1100 000	hundred thousandth
1:200 000	two hundred thousandth
1:500 000	five hundred thousandth, or half a millionth
1:1000000	millionth

Below are the numerical scales of the maps and the corresponding named scales:

Scale 1:100,000

• 1 mm on the map - 100 m (0.1 km) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 1000 m (1 km) on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 10,000 m (10 km) on the ground

Scale 1:10000

• 1 mm on the map - 10 m (0.01 km) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 100 m (0.1 km) on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 1000m (1 km) on the ground

Scale 1:5000

• 1 mm on the map - 5 m (0.005 km) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 50 m (0.05 km) on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 500 m (0.5 km) on the ground

Scale 1:2000

• 1 mm on the map - 2 m (0.002 km) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 20 m (0.02 km) on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 200 m (0.2 km) on the ground

Scale 1:1000

• 1 mm on the map - 100 cm (1 m) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 1000 cm (10 m) on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 100 m on the ground

Scale 1:500

• 1 mm on the map - 50 cm (0.5 meters) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 5 m on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 50 m on the ground

Scale 1:200

• 1 mm on the map - 0.2 m (20 cm) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 2 m (200 cm) on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 20 m (0.2 km) on the ground

Scale 1:100

• 1 mm on the map - 0.1 m (10 cm) on the ground
• 1 cm on the map - 1 m (100 cm) on the ground
• 10 cm on the map - 10 m (0.01 km) on the ground

Example 1

Convert the numerical scale of the map to a named one:

1. 1:200 000
2. 1:10 000 000
3. 1:25 000

Solution:

To more easily convert a numerical scale into a named one, you need to count how many zeros the number in the denominator ends with.

For example, on a scale of 1:500,000, there are five zeros in the denominator after the number 5.

If after the number in the denominator there are five more zeros, then by covering (with a finger, a pen or simply crossing out) the five zeros, we get the number of kilometers on the ground corresponding to 1 centimeter on the map.

Example for scale 1:500,000

The denominator after the number has five zeros. Closing them, we get for a named scale: 1 cm on the map is 5 kilometers on the ground.

If there are less than five zeros after the number in the denominator, then by closing two zeros, we get the number of meters on the ground corresponding to 1 centimeter on the map.

If, for example, in the denominator of the scale 1:10 000 cover two zeros, we get:

in 1 cm - 100 m.

Answers :

1. 1 cm - 2 km
2. 1 cm - 100 km
3. in 1 cm - 250 m

Use a ruler and place it on the maps to make it easier to measure distances.

Example 2

Convert the named scale to a numerical one:

1. in 1 cm - 500 m
2. 1 cm - 10 km
3. 1 cm - 250 km

Solution:

To more easily convert a named scale to a numerical one, you need to convert the distance on the ground indicated in the named scale into centimeters.

If the distance on the ground is expressed in meters, then to obtain the denominator of the numerical scale, you need to assign two zeros, if in kilometers, then five zeros.

For example, for a named scale of 1 cm - 100 m, the distance on the ground is expressed in meters, so for the numerical scale we assign two zeros and get: 1:10 000 .

For a scale of 1 cm - 5 km, we add five zeros to the five and get: 1:500 000 .

Answers :

1. 1:50 000;
2. 1:1 000 000;
3. 1:25 000 000.

Types of maps depending on scale

Depending on the scale, maps are conventionally divided into the following types:

• topographic plans - 1:400 - 1:5 000;
• large-scale topographic maps - 1:10,000 - 1:100,000;
• medium-scale topographic maps - from 1:200,000 - 1:1,000,000;
• small-scale topographic maps - less than 1:1,000,000.

Topographic map

Topographical maps are those whose content allows them to solve various technical problems.

Maps are either the result of direct topographic survey of the area, or are compiled from existing cartographic materials.

The terrain on the map is depicted at a certain scale.

The smaller the denominator of a numerical scale, the larger the scale. Plans are drawn up on a large scale, and maps are drawn up on a small scale.

Maps take into account the “spherical shape” of the earth, but plans do not. Because of this, plans are not drawn up for areas larger than 400 km² (that is, areas of land approximately 20 km × 20 km).

• Standard scales for topographic maps

The following scales of topographic maps are accepted in our country:

1. 1:1 000 000
2. 1:500 000
3. 1:200 000
4. 1:100 000
5. 1:50 000
6. 1:25 000
7. 1:10 000.

This series of scales is called standard. Previously, this series included scales of 1:300,000, 1:5000 and 1:2000.

• Large scale topographic maps

Scale maps:

1. 1:10,000 (1cm =100m)
2. 1:25,000 (1cm = 100m)
3. 1:50,000 (1cm = 500m)
4. 1:100,000 (1cm =1000m)

are called large-scale.

• Other scales and maps

Topographic maps of the territory of Russia up to a scale of 1:50,000 inclusive are classified, topographic maps of a scale of 1:100,000 are chipboard (for official use), and smaller ones are unclassified.

Currently, there is a technique for creating topographic maps and plans of any scale that are not classified and intended for public use.

A tale about a map on a scale of 1:1

Once upon a time there lived a Capricious King. One day he traveled around his kingdom and saw how large and beautiful his land was. He saw winding rivers, huge lakes, high mountains and wonderful cities. He became proud of his possessions and wanted the whole world to know about them.

And so, the Capricious King ordered cartographers to create a map of the kingdom. The cartographers worked for a whole year and finally presented the King with a wonderful map on which all the mountain ranges were marked, big cities and large lakes and rivers.

However, the Capricious King was not satisfied. He wanted to see on the map not only the outlines of mountain ranges, but also an image of each mountain peak. Not only large cities, but also small ones and villages. He wanted to see small rivers flowing into rivers.

The cartographers set to work again, worked for many years and drew another map, twice the size of the previous one. But now the King wanted the map to show passes between mountain peaks, small lakes in the forests, streams, and peasant houses on the outskirts of villages. Cartographers drew more and more maps.

The Capricious King died before the work was completed. The heirs, one after another, ascended the throne and died in turn, and the map was drawn up and drawn up. Each king hired new cartographers to map the kingdom, but each time he was dissatisfied with the fruits of his labor, finding the map insufficiently detailed.

Finally, the cartographers drew the Incredible Map! It depicted the entire kingdom in great detail - and was exactly the same size as the kingdom itself. Now no one could tell the difference between the map and the kingdom.

Where were the Capricious Kings going to keep their wonderful map? The casket is not enough for such a map. You will need a huge room like a hangar, and in it the map will lie in many layers. But is such a card necessary? After all, a life-size map can be successfully replaced by the terrain itself))))

It is useful to familiarize yourself with this

• You can familiarize yourself with the units of measurement of land areas used in Russia.
• For those who are interested in the possibility of increasing the area of ​​land plots for individual housing construction, private household plots, gardening, vegetable farming, owned, it is useful to familiarize yourself with the procedure for registering additions.
  
• From January 1, 2018, the exact boundaries of the plot must be recorded in the cadastral passport, since it will simply be impossible to buy, sell, mortgage or donate land without an accurate description of the boundaries. This is regulated by amendments to the Land Code. A total revision of borders at the initiative of municipalities began on June 1, 2015.
• On March 1, 2015, the new Federal Law “On Amendments to the Land Code of the Russian Federation and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation” (N 171-FZ dated June 23, 2014) came into force, according to which, in particular, the procedure for purchasing land plots has been simplified from municipalities.You can familiarize yourself with the main provisions of the law.
• With regard to the registration of houses, bathhouses, garages and other buildings on land plots owned by citizens, the new dacha amnesty will improve the situation.

Transverse scale, unlike a linear scale, allows you to measure and transfer lines to a map or plan with greater accuracy.

Usually the transverse scale is drawn on a metal plate, but it can also be drawn on paper.

Start of construction transverse scale similar to constructing a linear scale.

The two outer perpendiculars are divided into 10 equal parts and lines parallel to the base of the scale are drawn through the resulting points.

The upper left base, as well as the lower left base, is divided into 10 equal parts.

The division points of the upper left base and the lower left base are connected by inclined lines as shown in the figure. These slanted lines are called transversals.

Near the transversals, mark divisions that are equal to a hundredth of the base of the scale (100 m / 100 = 1 m).

The picture shows transverse scale with a base of 2 cm corresponding to a numerical scale of 1:5000 (2 cm * 5000 = 10000 cm = 100 m).

Thus, the transverse scale allows you to measure and plot lines on a map or plan with an accuracy of one hundredth of the base of the scale (1 m for a numerical scale of 1:5000).

Transverse scale used as follows:

1). into the measuring compass solution, take a segment from a map or plan, the length of which must be determined;

2). apply the compass to the transverse scale so that its right needle is on the zero or other perpendicular to the right of zero, and the left needle is on the same horizontal line with the right needle;

3). sum up the readings along the perpendiculars on the right and left needles of the compass to the right and left of the zero perpendicular.

In the figure, the lengths of the measured segments according to the 1:5000 scale plan are 252 meters and 477 meters.

Each card has scale– a number that shows how many centimeters on the ground correspond to one centimeter on the map.

Map scale usually indicated on it. Entry 1: 100,000,000 means that if the distance between two points on a map is 1 cm, then the distance between the corresponding points on its terrain is 100,000,000 cm.

May be specified in numerical form as a fraction– numerical scale (for example, 1: 200,000). Or may be designated in linear form: as a simple line or strip divided into units of length (usually kilometers or miles).

The larger the scale of the map, the more detailed the elements of its content can be depicted on it, and vice versa, the smaller the scale, the more extensive the space can be shown on the map sheet, but the terrain on it is depicted in less detail.

The scale is a fraction, the numerator of which is one. To determine which scale is larger and by how many times, remember the rule for comparing fractions with the same numerators: of two fractions with the same numerators, the one with the smaller denominator is larger.

The ratio of the distance on the map (in centimeters) to the corresponding distance on the ground (in centimeters) is equal to the map scale.

How will this knowledge help us when solving problems in mathematics?

Example 1.

Let's look at two cards. A distance of 900 km between points A and B corresponds to a distance of 3 cm on one map. A distance of 1,500 km between points C and D corresponds to a distance of 5 cm on another map. Let us prove that the scales of the maps are the same.

Solution.

Let's find the scale of each map.

900 km = 90,000,000 cm;

the scale of the first map is: 3: 90,000,000 = 1: 30,000,000.

1500 km = 150,000,000 cm;

the scale of the second map is: 5: 150,000,000 = 1: 30,000,000.

Answer. The scales of the maps are the same, i.e. equal to 1: 30,000,000.

Example 2.

Map scale – 1: 1,000,000. Let’s find the distance between points A and B on the ground, if on the map
AB = 3.42 cm?

Solution.

Let's create an equation: the ratio AB = 3.42 cm on the map to the unknown distance x (in centimeters) is equal to the ratio between the same points A and B on the ground to the map scale:

3.42: x = 1: 1,000,000;

x · 1 = 3.42 · 1,000,000;

x = 3,420,000 cm = 34.2 km.

Answer: the distance between points A and B on the ground is 34.2 km.

Example 3

The map scale is 1: 1,000,000. The distance between points on the ground is 38.4 km. What is the distance between these points on the map?

Solution.

The ratio of the unknown distance x between points A and B on the map to the distance in centimeters between the same points A and B on the ground is equal to the scale of the map.

38.4 km = 3,840,000 cm;

x: 3,840,000 = 1: 1,000,000;

x = 3,840,000 · 1: 1,000,000 = 3.84.

Answer: the distance between points A and B on the map is 3.84 cm.

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Instructions

Look carefully at the map and find the kilometer grid that should be marked on it. The sides of the grid squares correspond to a certain quantity; you can find out this quantity by the signatures on the exits of the stack line at the edge of the card frame. For example, the distance between two adjacent grid lines is 1 km. Measure this distance with a ruler. Let's say you get 2 cm. Thus, the scale of the map is 500 m in 1 cm or 1:50000.

The second way to determine the scale is by the map nomenclature. Carefully review the card details. The nomenclature is an alphanumeric sheet of the card. Any scale series has its own specific value, from which a specialist can easily determine the scale of the map. For example, the nomenclature designation M-35 scale 1:1000000; M-35-XI indicates a scale of 1:200000; M-35-18-A-6-1 – scale 1:10000, etc. Of course, to determine the scale in this way, it is necessary to have an understanding of nomenclature designations and some experience in handling topographic maps.

The third way to determine the map scale is by known distances. Find pictures of kilometer markers on highways. Measure the distance from one pillar to another on the map. You will immediately recognize the scale of the map (the number of centimeters of the map will correspond to one kilometer of terrain).

On maps at a scale of 1:200000, the distances between settlements in kilometers are indicated on the roads. In this case, measure the distance in centimeters from one settlement to another, and divide the signed number of kilometers by the distance expressed in centimeters. Thus, you have obtained the map scale, that is, the number of kilometers in one centimeter.

If you are in an area shown on a map, determine its scale based on the measured distances. To do this, measure the distance between the objects on the map.

Also use knowledge of the length of the meridian arc. One minute along the meridian is equal to approximately 2 km, or more precisely – 1.85 km. On the side of the map frame there are signatures of degrees and minutes, each minute is highlighted with a checker. If, say, the length of one minute is 3.7 cm, then the map scale will be 1:50000 (one centimeter on the map is equal to 0.5 km on the ground).

Sources:

• How to determine scale
• Scale accuracy Lengths of lines on the ground corresponding to

In practical applications, scale, as a rule, establishes the ratio of the size of a graphic image of an object to the natural size of the object itself. Any product drawn must be drawn exactly to scale. Determining the scale on a given map or drawing is an important task. Moreover, the scale can be presented in the image in numerical form or graphically. In the latter case we speak of a linear scale.

You will need

• Yardstick

Instructions

If a specific area is given, you can find the scale using landmarks with known distances. Kilometer posts are usually located along the roads. Find them on and, using a ruler or centimeter divisions, measure the distance between the nearest depicted pillars.

Translate the natural meaning. Write down the ratio of the resulting values ​​as 2:100000, where 2 - in your case will be equal to the number of measured centimeters on the map, and 100000 - the number of centimeters in 1 kilometer between pillars on the ground.

Bring the resulting ratio to the type of scale. To do this, you need to get the ratio of how many centimeters on the ground correspond to one centimeter on the map. To do this, divide the expression 2:100000 by the first number. Get 1:50000 - this is the scale of your map. It means that 1 centimeter on the map corresponds to 0.5 kilometers on the ground.

If there are no landmarks on the map with a pre-known distance, independently measure the distance between the objects marked on the map directly on the depicted area. Next, take measurements on the map in centimeters. Then perform the scale calculation as described above.

Helpful advice

When writing a scale for magnification, the unit is expressed for the size of a natural object. But the first number still corresponds to the distance on the drawing or map. In this case, the scale will look like this: 20:1.

Images of large objects can be obtained on paper or any other medium only in a reduced form. This primarily concerns various cards terrain. The map scale is the ratio of the length of a line drawn between two points on a plan or map to the same distance on the ground. Knowing the scale is necessary in order to measure distances on a map.

Instructions

Usually, any card or is indicated in its legend - the accompanying explanatory text. The scale can be depicted in the form of a scale or text, which indicates how many meters or kilometers on the ground is equal to 1 cm of distance plotted along a given scale. Scale 1: 50000, which means that 1 cm plotted on this map is equal to 500 meters or 0.5 km in reality. The larger the scale, the smaller the number indicated in its numerator. Topographic maps at a scale of 1:10000 and larger are considered classified information.

We can talk about a fixed scale only when there is a print of the map on paper. If the map is given in electronic form, its scale depends on the image magnification factor.

If for some reason the map scale is not indicated, there is no border design or legend, then it can be determined using the GoogleEarth or YandexMap geoinformation mapping servers, turning them on in the “Hybrid” mode, which allows you to simultaneously see a digitized image of the area along with the satellite photographic base - roads, city boundaries, free-standing buildings.

Determine the geographic location of the area depicted on the map. Select two characteristic points on it that can be easily identified from a satellite image of the area. Usually, it is convenient to use intersections of highways or improved highways for this purpose.

Find these two points using a satellite image of the area. Use the Ruler tool to measure the distance between them. When you activate the tool, a sign appears where the distance between the two points you specify on the satellite image will automatically be displayed. Set the units of measurement that are convenient for you – meters, kilometers.

Divide the result by satellite images distance by the number of centimeters measured on the map. You will get the scale value of this map.

Video on the topic

The scale shows how many times the map reduces the actual terrain depicted on it. Only knowing this value can you plot real distances on a map or terrain diagram. You can find out the scale by the markings on the map. If there is none, calculate it using the parallel lines.